Stresses produced in gasses by temperature and concentration inhomogeneities. New types of free convection
Stresses produced in gasses by temperature and concentration inhomogeneities. New types of free convection
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由于温度和浓度不均匀性而在气体中产生的应力。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
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通讯作者：
O. G. Fridlender
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Kogan;V. Galkin;O. G. Fridlender
本文介绍了慢（Re ~ 1）非等温（气体温降？）= ? T/T ~ 1）。这些流动由不同于可压缩液体的经典Navier-Stokes方程的方程描述，因为动量方程除了包含粘性应力张量之外，还包含相同数量级的温度应力张量。分析了温度应力对气体运动的影响，以及作用在气体中物体上的力。这个问题是很久以前由J.麦克斯韦首先提出的，他在？并得出结论，温度应力既不引起气体运动，也不引起力。但是，什么时候？不小，在没有外力的情况下出现了一种新型的气体对流（例如，的引力），即温度应力导致气体移动附近均匀加热（冷却）机构，这种对流的一些例子。此外，对于小？，建立了静电类比，描述了这些物体之间由于温度应力而产生的力的相互作用。的问题的流动围绕一个均匀加热的球体在Re？1（斯托克斯问题）的解决：温度应力施加一个不断增加的影响，随着球体温度的增加，球体的电阻。类似的现象，在气体混合物中产生的浓度（扩散）应力，表示。
The main results of theoretical investigation of slow (Re ~ l) non-isothermal (temperature drop in the gas ? = ? T/T ~ 1) are reported. These flows are described by equations that differ from the classical Navier-Stokes equations for a compressible liquid in that the momentum equation contains besides the viscous-stress tensor, also a temperature-stress tensor of the same order of magnitude. The question of the influence of temperature stresses on the motion of the gas are analyzed, as are the forces acting on bodies placed in the gas. This question was first raised long ago by J. Maxwell, who used implicitly linearization in ? and reached the conclusion that the temperature stresses cause neither motion of the gas nor forces. However, when ? is not small, a new type of convection of the gas appears in the absence of external forces (e.g., of gravitation), namely, the temperature stresses cause the gas to move near uniformly heated (cooled) bodies; some examples of this convection are presented. In addition, for the case of small ?, an electrostatic analogy is established, describing the force interaction between these bodies as a result of the temperature stresses. The problem of the flow around a uniformly heated sphere at Re? 1 (the Stokes problem) is solved: the temperature stresses exert an ever increasing influence on the resistance of the sphere with increasing sphere temperature. Analogous phenomena, produced in gas mixtures by concentration (diffusion) stresses, are indicated.