Simultaneous CO2 injection and water production to optimise aquifer storage capacity
Simultaneous CO2 injection and water production to optimise aquifer storage capacity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.09.002
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发表时间：
2011-05
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
P. Bergmo;A. Grimstad;E. Lindeberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Bergmo;A. Grimstad;E. Lindeberg
世界各地对地质二氧化碳储存能力的估计各不相同，但人们普遍认为，咸水含水层的容量足以容纳需要储存的二氧化碳。然而，为安全储存选择地质储存地点并使其合格所需的努力将是巨大的，而储存能力在区域内可能是有限的资源。因此，从经济和资源管理的角度来看，充分开发潜在储存地点的潜力是很重要的。在静态容量估计中，co2的最大储存量是作为地层孔隙体积的一部分给出的，通常得到的效率系数在几个百分点的范围内。最近的研究表明，当考虑注入二氧化碳的动态行为时，由于注入井周围区域的孔隙压力增加，效率系数将降低。孔隙压力的增加将比二氧化碳传播得更远。欧盟关于地质二氧化碳储存的指令专门解决了不同储存地点由于压力通信而相互作用时将适用的限制。因此，储层许可区边界处孔隙压力的增加将是限制co2注入量的重要因素。控制孔隙压力的一个明显方法是在距二氧化碳注入井一定距离的含水层中采水。本文讨论了挪威大陆架两个含水层的co2注入模拟结果；约翰森含水层和乌茨拉含水层的南部。这些含水层是注入二氧化碳的候选者，通过管道从挪威西海岸运出。在50年的时间里，Johansen含水层的二氧化碳注入量为0.518亿吨，Utsira含水层的二氧化碳注入量为1.04亿吨。研究了几种注入作业的设计方案：注入二氧化碳而不产水；注入多口井，使注入流体分布均匀，降低每口井周围的局部压力升高；以及同时从一个或多个井中采水的注入。所有的模拟都假定含水层地层的边界是封闭的。简要讨论了其他类型边界条件（半封闭或开放）的可能后果。
The estimates for geological CO2storage capacity worldwide vary, but it is generally believed that the capacity in saline aquifers will be sufficient for the amounts of CO2that will need to be stored. The effort required to select and qualify a geological storage site for safe storage will, however, be significant and storage capacity may be a limited resource regionally. Both from a economic and resource management perspective it is therefore important that potential storage sites are exploited to their full potential. In static capacity estimates, where the maximum stored amount of CO2is given as a fraction of the formation pore volume, typically arrive at efficiency factors in the range of a few per cents. Recent work has shown that when the dynamic behaviour of the injected CO2is taken into account, the efficiency factor will be reduced because of the increase in pore pressure in the region around the injection well(s). The increase in pore pressure will propagate much further than the CO2. The EU directive on geological CO2storage specifically addresses the restriction that will apply when different storage sites are interacting due to pressure communication. Consequently, the pore pressure increase at the boundary of the storage license area will be an important limiting factor for the amount of CO2that can be injected. One obvious method to control the pore pressure is to produce water from the aquifer at some distance from the CO2injection wells. This paper discusses results from simulations of CO2injection in two aquifers on the Norwegian Continental Shelf; the Johansen aquifer and the southern part of the Utsira aquifer. These aquifers are candidates for injection of CO2shipped out via pipeline from the Norwegian West Coast. The injected amounts of CO2over a period of 50 years are 0.518Gtonne for the Johansen aquifer and 1.04Gtonne for the Utsira aquifer. Several design options for the injection operations are investigated: Injection of CO2without water production; injection into several wells to distribute the injected fluids and reduce the local pressure increase around each injection well; and injection with simultaneous production of water from one or more wells. The boundaries of the aquifer formations are assumed closed in all simulations. The possible consequences of other types of boundary conditions (semi-closed or open) are briefly discussed.