Can Bilinguals See It Coming? Word Anticipation in L2 Sentence Reading
Can Bilinguals See It Coming? Word Anticipation in L2 Sentence Reading
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DOI：
10.1037/a0036756
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Costa, Albert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Foucart, Alice;Martin, Clara D.;Costa, Albert
为什么理解第二语言 (L2) 比理解第一语言 (L1) 更困难？在本文中，我们研究了 L2 句子理解过程中的困难是否来自 L1 和 L2 说话者预测即将出现的单词的方式差异。我们记录了西班牙语单语者、法语-西班牙语晚期双语者和西班牙语-加泰罗尼亚语早期双语者在阅读西班牙语句子时的大脑活动（事件相关电位）。我们操纵了高度受限的句子的结尾，以便关键名词要么是预期的，要么不是。预期和意外的名词具有不同的性别，因此我们可以观察文章中已有的潜在预期效果。与之前的研究一致，在冠词和名词上观察到 N400 效应的调制，然后在名词上出现前置积极性。重要的是，在所有 3 个群体中都发现了这种模式，这表明，至少当他们的两种语言密切相关时，双语者能够以与单语者类似的方式预测即将到来的单词。
Why is it more difficult to comprehend a 2nd (L2) than a 1st language (L1)? In the present article we investigate whether difficulties during L2 sentence comprehension come from differences in the way L1 and L2 speakers anticipate upcoming words. We recorded the brain activity (event-related potentials) of Spanish monolinguals, French-Spanish late bilinguals, and Spanish-Catalan early bilinguals while reading sentences in Spanish. We manipulated the ending of highly constrained sentences so that the critical noun was either expected or not. The expected and unexpected nouns were of different gender so that we could observe potential anticipation effects already on the article. In line with previous studies, a modulation of the N400 effect was observed on the article and the noun, followed by an anterior positivity on the noun. Importantly, this pattern was found in all 3 groups, suggesting that, at least when their 2 languages are closely related, bilinguals are able to anticipate upcoming words in a similar manner as monolinguals.