Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders
Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665110001813
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Gauffin, Paola
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanz, Yolanda;Santacruz, Arlette;Gauffin, Paola
肥胖是一个主要的公共卫生问题，因为它与几种慢性疾病有因果关系，包括2型糖尿病，CVD和癌症。新的研究表明，肠道微生物群与肥胖和代谢紊乱有关，揭示了肥胖的动物和人类受试者与瘦的受试者相比，肠道微生物群的组成发生了变化。此外，移植肥胖或瘦小鼠的微生物群会影响无菌受体小鼠的体重，这表明肠道生态系统是体重管理的相关目标。固有的肠道微生物可以通过影响宿主的代谢、神经内分泌和免疫功能来调节体重。肠道微生物群作为一个整体，提供额外的代谢功能，调节宿主的基因表达，提高从饮食中提取和储存能量的能力，并有助于体重增加。肠道微生物群的不平衡和血浆脂多糖的增加也可能作为与动脉粥样硬化、胰岛素抵抗和体重增加的发展相关的炎症因子。相比之下，特定的益生菌、益生元和相关代谢物可能对脂质和葡萄糖代谢、饱腹感肽的产生以及与肥胖和相关代谢紊乱相关的炎症性音调发挥有益作用。这些知识有助于我们了解环境因素如何影响肥胖和相关疾病，为设计改进的饮食干预策略以管理这些疾病提供了新的机会。
Obesity is a major public health issue as it is causally related to several chronic disorders, including type-2 diabetes, CVD and cancer. Novel research shows that the gut microbiota is involved in obesity and metabolic disorders, revealing that obese animal and human subjects have alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota compared to their lean counterparts. Moreover, transplantation of the microbiota of either obese or lean mice influences body weight in the germ-free recipient mice, suggesting that the gut ecosystem is a relevant target for weight management. Indigenous gut microbes may regulate body weight by influencing the host's metabolic, neuroendocrine and immune functions. The intestinal microbiota, as a whole, provides additional metabolic functions and regulates the host's gene expression, improving the ability to extract and store energy from the diet and contributing to body-weight gain. Imbalances in the gut microbiota and increases in plasma lipopolysaccharide may also act as inflammatory factors related to the development of atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and body-weight gain. In contrast, specific probiotics, prebiotics and related metabolites might exert beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism, the production of satiety peptides and the inflammatory tone related to obesity and associated metabolic disorders. This knowledge is contributing to our understanding of how environmental factors influence obesity and associated diseases, providing new opportunities to design improved dietary intervention strategies to manage these disorders.