Water Management of Irrigated-Drained Fields in the Jordan Valley South of Lake Kinneret
Water Management of Irrigated-Drained Fields in the Jordan Valley South of Lake Kinneret
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2005)131:4(364
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发表时间：
2005-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Sinai;P. Jain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Sinai;P. Jain
约旦河谷是以色列和约旦种植冬季水果和蔬菜作物的主要地区之一。这些田地的水管理控制是通过固定灌溉系统和地下排水来实现的。在基尼雷特湖以南约旦河附近的一个地点进行了详细的实地观察。地下水位高度由大约 100 个压力计测量。对现有宽间距 s160 md 地下排水系统进行了监测，并测量了从该区域排水系统到基尼雷特湖的总排水流量。测量了降雨量、灌溉量和蒸散率，并进行了总体水文平衡。该地区原有的灌溉方式为畦灌，淋洗率较高，灌溉效率较差。 20 世纪 70 年代，灌溉方法改为计算机操作滴灌。淋滤率降低，灌溉效率提高。据观察，基尼雷特湖的总排水量减少了约 10 倍。测量并比较了手动喷水器和土壤固定滴灌方法下的地下水位上升，以评估地下水向上运动引起的根区盐渍化。结果表明灌溉时间间隔对这些上升的程度有很大影响。通过手摇喷灌与水固滴灌法的对比，在田间测定了灌溉方式对地下水位上升幅度的影响。除其他变量外，这种影响取决于灌溉时间间隔，这一事实使不同灌溉方法下地下水位上升的预测变得复杂。这些实地结果支持了作者之前的理论分析，并强调了灌溉实践与排水设计之间的相互关系。监测发现约旦河地下水位下降的影响约为 4.6%。约旦河对排水田地下水位高度的强烈影响因土壤剖面中沙层的存在而被放大。观测到的梯度可用于估计从灌溉农田流向邻近约旦河的横向渗流。这项研究为未来类似情况的研究提供了有用的数据来源。
The Jordan Valley is one of the primary regions for growing winter crops of fruit and vegetables in Israel and Jordan. Control of water management in these fields is obtained by solid-set irrigation systems and subsurface drainage. Detailed field observations were conducted at a location near the Jordan River, south of Lake Kinneret. Water table heights were measured by approximately 100 piezometers. An exiting wide spacing s160 md subsurface drainage system was monitored and the total drainage discharge from this regional drainage system to Lake Kinneret was measured. Rainfall, irrigation, and evapotranspiration rates were measured and overall hydrological balance was conducted. The old irrigation method in the region was border irrigation with very high leaching fraction and poor irrigation efficiency. During the 1970s the irrigation method was changed to computer operated drip irrigation. The leaching fraction was reduced and irrigation efficiency increased. Reduction of the total drainage discharge to Lake Kinneret by a factor of about 10 was observed. Water table rise under hand moving sprinkler and soil-set drip irrigation methods were measured and compared for assessment of salinization of the root zone by upward movement of groundwater. The result indicates the strong effect of irrigation time interval on the extent of these rises. The effect of irrigation mode on the extent of water table rises was measured at the field by comparing that under hand moving sprinkler irrigation to that under water solid set drip method. This effect depends, among other variables, on the irrigation time interval, a fact which complicates prediction of water table rise under different irrigation practices. These field results support previous theoretical analysis by the writers and highlighted the interrelationship between irrigation practice and drainage design. The effect of water table drawdown towards the Jordan River was monitored and found to be about 4.6%. The strong influence of the Jordan River on water table height at the drained field is magnified by the existence of sandy layers in the soil profile. This observed gradient may be used for the estimation of lateral seepage flow from the irrigated agricultural field towards the adjacent Jordan River. This study provides a useful source of data for future studies in similar situations.