Plant breeding for local food systems: A contextual review of end-use selection for small grains and dry beans in Western Washington
Plant breeding for local food systems: A contextual review of end-use selection for small grains and dry beans in Western Washington
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DOI：
10.1017/s1742170515000198
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Jones, Stephen S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brouwer, Brook O.;Murphy, Kevin M.;Jones, Stephen S.
当地农业运动的迅速发展和加入，突显了加深与地方文化的联系的必要性。选择特别适合区域生产和最终用途的植物品种是建立具有复原力的粮食系统的重要组成部分。这样做将通过增加与生产和消费的文化联系，促进食品体系的失败化。当今植物育种的主导模式依赖于集中生产和最终使用的选择，从而限制了区域差异的机会。另一方面，由终端用户驱动的具有强烈文化和烹饪意义的传家宝品种的选择可能会限制生产率，同时无法促进最终用户质量的持续进步。以农民为基础的选择可能直接反映当地的食物文化；然而，增加遗传收益可能需要加强种质交流，并与训练有素的植物育种者合作。参与式农民-饲养员-厨师合作是一种新兴的模式，可以克服这些限制，并将基于文化的植物育种的力量添加到替代食品运动中。这些品种选择模式是在华盛顿州西部小谷物和干豆生产的背景下进行检验的。
The rapid growth and co-option of the local agriculture movement highlights a need to deepen connections to place-based culture. Selection of plant varieties specifically adapted to regional production and end-use is an important component of building a resilient food system. Doing so will facilitate a defetishization of food systems by increasing the cultural connection to production and consumption. Today's dominant model of plant breeding relies on selection for centralized production and end-use, thereby limiting opportunity for regional differentiation. On the other hand, end-user-driven selection of heirloom varieties with strong cultural and culinary significance may limit productivity while failing to promote continued advances in end-use quality. Farmer-based selection may directly reflect local food culture; however, increasing genetic gains may require increased exchange of germplasm, and collaboration with trained plant breeders. Participatory farmer-breeder-chef collaborations are an emerging model for overcoming these limitations and adding the strength of culturally based plant breeding to the alternative food movement. These models of variety selection are examined within the context of small grain and dry bean production in Western Washington.