SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF CHINESE WALLED CITIES
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF CHINESE WALLED CITIES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8306.1970.tb00704.x
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发表时间：
1970-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sen-dou Chang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sen-dou Chang
中国早期城市的城墙是用压缩的泥土筑成的，但从大约15世纪开始，人们开始用砖和切好的石头来砌土墙。大多数帝国首都和北方的许多重要城市都有长方形的城墙。然而，在地势崎岖的地区，正方形通常被不规则形状所取代，在许多情况下由地形条件决定。城墙面积的大小和城墙建设的精细程度通常与城市在行政等级中的地位成正比。典型城寨的围合面积向南逐渐减小，反映了明代或更早时期区域城市化的规模。在后来的日子里，往往会建立一个外墙，以包围已经蔓延到城外的定居点，在许多情况下，“多个城市“在同一地点发展。中国的城墙城市呈现出统一的外观，没有被更高的建筑物所缓解。
ABSTRACT The walls of early Chinese cities were ramparts made of compressed earth, but since about the fifteenth century, bricks and cut stones have been used to face the earth walls. Most imperial capitals and many important cities in the north had the walls of rectangular shape. In areas of rugged relief, however, a square form was usually replaced by one of irregular shape, determined in many cases by topographic conditions. The size of the walled area and the elaboration of wall construction were normally directly proportional to the rank of the city in the administrative hierarchy. The size of the enclosed area of the typical walled city decreases southward, indicative of the magnitude of regional urbanization in Ming times or earlier. At later dates, an outer wall was often erected to enclose settlement that had spread outside the city, and in many cases “multiple cities”were developed at the same locality. The Chinese walled city presented a uniform appearance unrelieved by the taller structures ty...