Child gender influences paternal behavior, language, and brain function.
Child gender influences paternal behavior, language, and brain function.
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DOI：
10.1037/bne0000199
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Rilling JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mascaro JS;Rentscher KE;Hackett PD;Mehl MR;Rilling JK
多项研究表明，父亲常常以不同的方式对待男孩和女孩，从而影响孩子的成长。然而，所出现的复杂情况被父母照顾研究固有的方法论挑战所掩盖，迄今为止还没有研究检验过观察到的现实世界父亲行为中的性别差异是否与父亲对男性和女性孩子的不同大脑反应有关。在这里，我们根据自然观察到的日常护理行为和对儿童图片刺激的神经反应来比较女儿的父亲和儿子的父亲。与儿子的父亲相比，女儿的父亲更专注地与女儿互动，更多地为女儿唱歌，使用更多的分析性语言以及与女儿的悲伤和身体相关的语言，并且在大脑中对奖励和情绪调节很重要的区域（内侧和外侧眶额皮层 [OFC]）对女儿快乐的面部表情有更强的神经反应。相比之下，儿子的父亲会进行更多的打闹游戏（RTP），与儿子使用更多的成就语言，并且内侧 OFC（mOFC）对儿子的中性面部表情有更强的神经反应。 mOFC 对快乐面孔的反应与 RTP 负相关，而 mOFC 对中性面孔的反应与 RTP 正相关，特别是对于男孩的父亲。这些结果表明，现实世界中父亲的行为和大脑功能因儿童性别而异。
Multiple lines of research indicate that fathers often treat boys and girls differently in ways that impact child outcomes. The complex picture that has emerged, however, is obscured by methodological challenges inherent to the study of parental caregiving, and no studies to date have examined the possibility that gender differences in observed real-world paternal behavior are related to differential paternal brain responses to male and female children. Here we compare fathers of daughters and fathers of sons in terms of naturalistically observed everyday caregiving behavior and neural responses to child picture stimuli. Compared to fathers of sons, fathers of daughters were more attentively engaged with their daughters, sang more to their daughters, used more analytical language and language related to sadness and the body with their daughters, and had a stronger neural response to their daughter’s happy facial expressions in areas of the brain important for reward and emotion regulation (medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex [OFC]). In contrast, fathers of sons engaged in more rough and tumble play (RTP), used more achievement language with their sons, and had a stronger neural response to their son’s neutral facial expressions in the medial OFC (mOFC). Whereas the mOFC response to happy faces was negatively related to RTP, the mOFC response to neutral faces was positively related to RTP, specifically for fathers of boys. These results indicate that real world paternal behavior and brain function differ as a function of child gender.