Total-Body PET Imaging in Infectious Diseases.
Total-Body PET Imaging in Infectious Diseases.
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PET成像在传染病发病机理研究和临床护理中具有重要作用1,2。[18F]氟脱氧葡萄糖（fluorodeoxyglucose， FDG）优先被组织中的炎症细胞和巨噬细胞吸收3,4，是病毒、细菌和真菌感染的主要分子成像手段5,6。然而，由于示踪剂摄取的非特异性和敏感性的局限性，特别是在伴有恶性肿瘤、免疫调节障碍和炎症的情况下，FDG PET成像在诊断和治疗各种感染性病原体方面的作用受到一定限制。因此，新的传染病分子成像策略处于临床和基于发病机制的研究的前沿。这些方法很广泛，包括免疫pet结合针对病原体特异性抗原或负责免疫反应的细胞的抗体或抗体片段/小体，以及针对各种病原体特异性代谢或酶途径的药物1,2,8。最近的新冠肺炎大流行使传染病调查成为当务之急，因此PET研究应及时为全球应对作出贡献。分子成像在传染病和相关的发病率涉及以下一般焦点：
PET imaging has an important role in infectious disease pathogenesis-based research and clinical care1, 2.[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is preferentially taken up by inflammatory cells and macrophages in the tissue3, 4, and has been the mainstay of molecular imaging in viral, bacterial and fungal infections5, 6. However, the role of FDG PET imaging is somewhat limited in its role in the diagnosis and treatment of various infectious pathogens given the non-specific nature of tracer uptake and limitations of sensitivity, especially in the setting of concomitant malignancies and disorders of immune regulation and inflammation7. As a result, novel infectious disease molecular imaging strategies are on the forefront of clinical and pathogenesis-based research. These approaches are broad, and include immunoPET incorporating antibodies or antibody fragments/minibodies targeting pathogenspecific antigens or cells responsible for immune responses and drugs that target various pathogen-specific metabolic or enzymatic pathways1, 2, 8. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has prioritized investigation of communicable diseases and so it is timely that PET research should contribute to the global response. Molecular imaging in infectious diseases and associated morbidities involve the following general foci: