Proteomics and metabolomics characterizing the pathophysiology of adaptive reactions to the metabolic challenges during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation in dairy cows
Proteomics and metabolomics characterizing the pathophysiology of adaptive reactions to the metabolic challenges during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation in dairy cows
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jprot.2017.10.010
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发表时间：
2018-04-30
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Sauerwein, Helga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ceciliani, Fabrizio;Lecchi, Cristina;Sauerwein, Helga
从妊娠晚期到泌乳早期的过渡是奶牛生命中的关键时期，这是由于营养物质从母体生物体向胎儿和初乳和牛奶的快速增加的流失。为了科普分娩和哺乳的挑战，需要完成包括内分泌和免疫系统在内的全面适应性反应。这种应对能力差异很大，代谢性疾病和传染性疾病（概括为“生产性疾病”），如低钙血症（产奶热）、脂肪肝综合征、蹄叶炎和酮症，都可能发生，并影响福利、生产寿命和经济成果。蛋白质组学和代谢组学已经成为表征来自组织和生物流体（诸如乳汁、血液和尿液）的蛋白质和代谢物资产的有价值的技术。本文综述了奶牛在过渡期的代谢状态和生理变化以及与之相关的生产性疾病，并对围产期代谢应激相关的生物体液和组织的蛋白质组学和代谢组学研究现状进行了总结。我们还提供了一个当前和前瞻性的观点的应用所产生的生物标志物的发现和他们的潜力在diagnosis.Biological significance的组学的最新成就：对于高产奶牛有几个“职业病”，主要发生在从怀孕到哺乳的过渡相关的代谢挑战。这类疾病及其后遗症是乳制品生产的一个主要问题，往往导致过早地扑杀动物。除了经济的角度，代谢应激可能会严重影响动物福利。有大量关于这种所谓的生产疾病如酮症、脂肪肝或低钙血症的代谢背景的研究，尽管旨在评估病理生理反应复杂性的研究主要集中在基因表达，即转录组学上。为了将知识扩展到蛋白质组和代谢组，相应的技术越来越重要，并且可以提供奶牛如何对代谢应激反应的整体视图，这对于深入了解相关疾病的分子机制是必要的。我们在此回顾了目前的研究结果，从应用蛋白质组学和代谢组学过渡相关的疾病，包括脂肪肝，酮症，肠炎，低钙血症和蹄叶炎。对于每一种疾病，简要概述了最新的知识，其发病机制，其次是洞察组织和生物液体，如血清和尿液的蛋白质组和代谢组的最新成就，突出潜在的生物标志物。我们相信，本文的综述将有助于读者更加熟悉过渡相关疾病的分子背景的最新进展，从而鼓励在这一领域的研究。
The transition from late pregnancy to early lactation is a critical period in a dairy cow's life due to the rapidly increasing drain of nutrients from the maternal organism towards the foetus and into colostrum and milk. In order to cope with the challenges of parturition and lactation, comprehensive adaptive reactions comprising the endocrine and the immune system need to be accomplished. There is high variation in this coping ability and both metabolic and infectious diseases, summarized as "production diseases", such as hypocalcaemia (milk fever), fatty liver syndrome, laminitis and ketosis, may occur and impact welfare, productive lifespan and economic outcomes. Proteomics and metabolomics have emerged as valuable techniques to characterize proteins and metabolite assets from tissue and biological fluids, such as milk, blood and urine. In this review we provide an overview on metabolic status and physiological changes during the transition period and the related production diseases in dairy cows, and summarize the state of art on proteomics and metabolomics of biological fluids and tissues involved in metabolic stress during the peripartum period. We also provide a current and prospective view of the application of the recent achievements generated by omics for biomarker discovery and their potential in diagnosis.Biological significance: For high-yielding dairy cows there are several "occupational diseases" that occur mainly during the metabolic challenges related to the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Such diseases and their sequelae form a major concern for dairy production, and often lead to early culling of animals. Beside the economical perspective, metabolic stress may severely influence animal welfare. There is a multitude of studies about the metabolic backgrounds of such so called production diseases like ketosis, fatty liver, or hypocalcaemia, although the investigations aiming to assess the complexity of the pathophysiological reactions are largely focused on gene expression, i.e. transcriptomics. For extending the knowledge towards the proteome and the metabolome, the respective technologies are of increasing importance and can provide an overall view of how dairy cows react to metabolic stress, which is needed for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the related diseases. We herein review the current findings from studies applying proteomics and metabolomics to transition-related diseases, including fatty liver, ketosis, endometritis, hypocalcaemia and laminitis. For each disease, a brief overview of the up to date knowledge about its pathogenesis is provided, followed by an insight into the most recent achievements on the proteome and metabolome of tissues and biological fluids, such as blood serum and urine, highlighting potential biomarkers. We believe that this review would help readers to be become more familiar with the recent progresses of molecular background of transition-related diseases thus encouraging research in this field.