Years of Self-organized Criticality : Concepts and Controversies
Years of Self-organized Criticality : Concepts and Controversies
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多年的自组织批判:概念与争议
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Jensen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Watkins;G. Pruessner;S. Chapman;N. Crosby;H. Jensen
自组织临界性（SOC）是由Per巴克及其同事提出的，是近几十年来统计力学和凝聚态理论中最具启发性的概念之一，在复杂性科学的发展中发挥了重要作用。SOC，以及更普遍的分形和幂律，吸引了许多评论，从非常积极的到争论的。其他论文（Aschwanden et al. in Space Sci.版本号：2014，this issue; McAteer et al. in Space Sci.版本号：2015年，这个问题;夏尔马等。Rev. 2015，in preparation）在这期特刊中展示了受SOC思想启发的太阳、磁层和聚变等离子体的大量观测结果，并揭示了新范式在建模和理解多尺度等离子体不稳定性方面所发挥的丰富作用。这种非常广泛的影响，以及使科学假设适应给定物理系统条件的必要过程，意味着在这些领域中研究的SOC有时很困难。NickWatkins@mykolab.com Pruessner g. imperial.ac.uk S.C. Chapman s.c. chapman@www.example.com warwick.ac.uk aeronomie.be imperial.ac.uk 1德国德累斯顿马克斯·普朗克复杂系统物理研究所2联合王国伦敦经济和政治学院3联合王国米尔顿·凯恩斯开放大学4联合王国考文垂沃里克大学5联合王国伦敦帝国学院6挪威特罗姆瑟北极大学7比利时布鲁塞尔空间高层大气物理学研究所
Introduced by the late Per Bak and his colleagues, self-organized criticality (SOC) has been one of the most stimulating concepts to come out of statistical mechanics and condensed matter theory in the last few decades, and has played a significant role in the development of complexity science. SOC, and more generally fractals and power laws, have attracted much comment, ranging from the very positive to the polemical. The other papers (Aschwanden et al. in Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue; McAteer et al. in Space Sci. Rev., 2015, this issue; Sharma et al. in Space Sci. Rev. 2015, in preparation) in this special issue showcase the considerable body of observations in solar, magnetospheric and fusion plasma inspired by the SOC idea, and expose the fertile role the new paradigm has played in approaches to modeling and understanding multiscale plasma instabilities. This very broad impact, and the necessary process of adapting a scientific hypothesis to the conditions of a given physical system, has meant that SOC as studied in these fields has sometimes difB N.W. Watkins NickWatkins@mykolab.com G. Pruessner g.pruessner@imperial.ac.uk S.C. Chapman s.c.chapman@warwick.ac.uk N.B. Crosby Norma.Crosby@aeronomie.be H.J. Jensen h.jensen@imperial.ac.uk 1 Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany 2 London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom 3 Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom 4 University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom 5 Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 6 UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway 7 Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium