Sorghum Allelopathy—From Ecosystem to Molecule
Sorghum Allelopathy—From Ecosystem to Molecule
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-013-0245-8
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
L. Weston;I. Alsaadawi;S. Baerson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Weston;I. Alsaadawi;S. Baerson
在高粱建成后的一系列田间试验中已经报道了高粱的化感作用。近年来，高粱的植物毒性和化感作用也在温室和实验室环境中得到了很好的描述。化感作用的观察已经发生在不同的地点和高粱植株的不同部位。据报道，当高粱作为绿肥加入土壤中时，当减少耕作环境下残留在土壤表面时，或者当高粱作为作物在管理的田地种植时，植物毒性已经被报道过。高粱组织中的化感物质因植株部位、年龄和品种的不同而不同。近年来，随着我们分析和鉴定植物和土壤根际中痕量复杂次生产物的能力有所提高，从高粱的茎、根和根分泌物中分离和鉴定了一系列不同的化感物质，包括大量的酚类化合物、一种生氰糖苷(Dhurrin)和一种疏水苯醌(SorGoleone)。这些化感物质，特别是山梨内酯，在它们的作用模式(S)、比活性和选择性、释放到根际以及吸收和转移到敏感指示物种方面得到了广泛的研究。遗传和环境都已被证明影响索尔高利酮的生产和参与索尔古兰酮生物合成的基因的表达。在土壤根际，索尔高利酮通过活生生的根毛持续释放，在根部周围积累了大量的浓度。进一步的实验旨在研究活的高粱根毛对高粱内酯生产的调节，可能会导致提高能力，以更有效地利用高粱覆盖作物来抑制萌发的杂草幼苗，其方式类似于土施预生除草剂，如氟乐灵。
Sorghum allelopathy has been reported in a series of field experiments following sorghum establishment. In recent years, sorghum phytotoxicity and allelopathic interference also have been well-described in greenhouse and laboratory settings. Observations of allelopathy have occurred in diverse locations and with various sorghum plant parts. Phytotoxicity has been reported when sorghum was incorporated into the soil as a green manure, when residues remained on the soil surface in reduced tillage settings, or when sorghum was cultivated as a crop in managed fields. Allelochemicals present in sorghum tissues have varied with plant part, age, and cultivar evaluated. A diverse group of sorghum allelochemicals, including numerous phenolics, a cyanogenic glycoside (dhurrin), and a hydrophobicp-benzoquinone (sorgoleone) have been isolated and identified in recent years from sorghum shoots, roots, and root exudates, as our capacity to analyze and identify complex secondary products in trace quantities in the plant and in the soil rhizosphere has improved. These allelochemicals, particularly sorgoleone, have been widely investigated in terms of their mode(s) of action, specific activity and selectivity, release into the rhizosphere, and uptake and translocation into sensitive indicator species. Both genetics and environment have been shown to influence sorgoleone production and expression of genes involved in sorgoleone biosynthesis. In the soil rhizosphere, sorgoleone is released continuously by living root hairs where it accumulates in significant concentrations around its roots. Further experimentation designed to study the regulation of sorgoleone production by living sorghum root hairs may result in increased capacity to utilize sorghum cover crops more effectively for suppression of germinating weed seedlings, in a manner similar to that of soil-applied preemergent herbicides like trifluralin.