Small RNAs correspond to centromere heterochromatic repeats
Small RNAs correspond to centromere heterochromatic repeats
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1077183
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发表时间：
2002-09-13
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Bartel, DP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reinhart, BJ;Bartel, DP
小干扰RNAs(SiRNAs)和微RNAs(MiRNAs)是两类22核苷酸(NT)的非编码RNAs，在真核生物中发挥着重要的基因表达调控作用(1)。SiRNA来源于长的双链RNA(DsRNA)的连续切割。它们在动物体内的RNA干扰过程中，以及可能在其他RNA沉默现象中，包括植物转录后基因沉默和脉孢子虫的平息期间，指导相应的mRNA靶标的破坏。MiRNAs是从内源性发夹转录本加工而来的，这样每个发夹分子的一只手臂就能产生一个miRNA。已知某些秀丽线虫miRNAs能直接翻译抑制幼虫正常发育所需的mRNA靶标，许多植物和动物的miRNAs被认为在其他环境中通过靶向mRNAs而发挥类似的作用，从而使翻译减弱或破坏(1-3)。核糖核酸酶III蛋白Dice是从各自的前体RNA中加工siRNAs和miRNAs所必需的，而其生化功能尚不清楚的ArgAerte(PAZ/PIWI域)蛋白也是miRNAs和siRNAs生产或功能所必需的(1)。
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two types of 22–nucleotide (nt) noncoding RNAs that play important roles as regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes (1). siRNAs derive from the successive cleavage of long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). They direct the destruction of corresponding mRNA targets during RNA interference in animals and probably during other RNA-silencing phenomena, including posttranscriptional gene silencing of plants and quelling of Neurospora. miRNAs are processed from endogenous hairpin transcripts such that a single miRNA is produced from one arm of each hairpin molecule. Certain Caenorhabditis elegans miRNAs are known to direct translational repression of mRNA targets needed for proper larval development, and numerous plant and animal miRNAs are thought to play similar roles in other contexts by targeting mRNAs for translation attenuation or destruction (1–3). The ribonuclease III protein Dicer is required for the processing of both siRNAs and miRNAs from their respective precursor RNAs, and Argonaute (PAZ/PIWI domain) proteins, whose biochemical functions are unclear, are also necessary for production or function of both miRNAs and siRNAs (1).