Regulatory strategies limiting endosomal Toll-like receptor activation in B cells.

Regulatory strategies limiting endosomal Toll-like receptor activation in B cells.
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DOI:
10.1111/imr.13065
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发表时间:
2022-05
影响因子:
8.7
通讯作者:
Jackson SW
Jackson SW
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Acharya M;Jackson SW

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病原体相关核酸(NA)的识别可促进针对入侵病原体的有效免疫力。然而,自身 NA 激活内体 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 也是系统性自身免疫性疾病(例如系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE))发病机制的基础。因此,必须严格调节 NA 感应 TLR 的激活阈值,以平衡保护性和致病性免疫反应。在这篇综述中,我们将概述旨在限制自配体异常激活内体 TLR 的进化机制,重点关注四种主要策略。其中包括:1)产生能够降解自身DNA和RNA的核酸酶; 2)内体TLR表达的细胞特异性调节; 3)亚细胞水平上TLR定位的空间和时间控制; 4) 下游 TLR 信号级联的调制。鉴于 B 细胞在狼疮发病机制中的关键作用,在可能的情况下,我们将描述 B 细胞特异性诱导这些调节机制的证据。我们还将重点介绍我们自己的工作,展示 B 细胞内溶酶体通量的调节如何调节 NA 感应 TLR 激活信号。面对正常细胞更新过程中不可避免的自身 NA 的产生,这些并行机制对于防止致病性炎症至关重要。
The recognition of pathogen-associated nucleic acid (NA) promotes effective immunity against invading pathogens. However, endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation by self-NA also underlies the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For this reason, the activation thresholds of NA-sensing TLRs must be tightly regulated to balance protective and pathogenic immune responses. In this review, we will provide an overview of the evolutionary mechanisms designed to limit the aberrant activation of endosomal TLRs by self-ligands, focusing on four broad strategies. These include: 1) the production of nucleases able to degrade self-DNA and RNA; 2) the cell-specific regulation of endosomal TLR expression; 3) the spatial and temporal control of TLR positioning at a sub-cellular level; and 4) the modulation of downstream TLR signaling cascades. Given the critical role for B cells in lupus pathogenesis, where possible, we will describe evidence for B cell-specific induction of these regulatory mechanisms. We will also highlight our own work showing how modulation of B cell endolysosomal flux tunes NA-sensing TLR activation signals. In the face of inevitable generation of self-NA during normal cellular turnover, these parallel mechanisms are vital to protect against pathogenic inflammation.
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