Nicotine and carcinogen exposure with smoking of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarette
Nicotine and carcinogen exposure with smoking of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarette
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0393
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Jacob, Peyton, III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benowitz, Neal L.;Hall, Sharon M.;Jacob, Peyton, III
背景：减少香烟中的尼古丁含量使其不会上瘾已被广泛讨论为烟草监管的一种潜在策略。尼古丁减少的一个主要问题是，吸烟者会通过吸更多的香烟和/或更密集地吸烟来补偿尼古丁的减少，从而增加他们接触烟草烟雾毒素的机会。这项研究考察了尼古丁暴露的逐渐减少是否会增加烟草烟雾毒素的暴露。方法：这项为期10周的纵向研究涉及20名健康吸烟者，包括吸食他们通常品牌的香烟，然后是尼古丁含量逐渐降低的不同类型的研究香烟，每人吸烟1周。受试者在恢复吸烟(或戒烟)后被跟踪4周。对吸烟行为、烟草烟雾暴露的化学生物标志物和心血管效应生物标志物进行了测量。结果发现：尼古丁的摄入量随着香烟中尼古丁含量的减少而逐渐下降，几乎没有补偿的证据。吸烟和接触一氧化碳和多环芳烃的标志物以及心血管生物标志物保持稳定，而尿4-(甲基亚硝基)-1-(3-吡啶)-1-丁醇排泄量减少。25%的参与者在完成研究卷烟减量4周后自发戒烟。影响：我们的发现与商业低产香烟不同，商业低产香烟的尼古丁含量减少，对低尼古丁输送的补偿吸烟是实质性的。我们的数据表明，吸烟者对尼古丁的依赖程度可以降低，而不会增加他们对烟草烟雾毒素的暴露。逐步减少香烟中的尼古丁含量似乎是可行的，应进一步评估为国家烟草管制战略。
Background: Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes to make them non-addictive has been widely discussed as a potential strategy for tobacco regulation. A major concern with nicotine reduction is that smokers will compensate for reduced nicotine by smoking more cigarettes and/or smoking more intensively, thereby increasing their exposure to tobacco smoke toxins. This study examined whether gradual reduction in nicotine exposure increases exposure to tobacco smoke toxins.Methods: This 10-week longitudinal study of 20 healthy smokers involved smoking their usual brand followed by different types of research cigarettes with progressively lower nicotine content, each smoked for 1 week. Subjects were followed for 4 weeks after returning to smoking their usual brand (or quitting). Smoking behaviors, chemical biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure, and cardiovascular effect biomarkers were measured.Findings: Intake of nicotine declined progressively as the nicotine content of cigarettes was reduced, with little evidence of compensation. Cigarette consumption and markers of exposure to carbon monoxide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as cardiovascular biomarkers remained stable, whereas urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol excretion decreased. Twenty-five percent of participants had spontaneously quit smoking 4 weeks after completing the research cigarette taper.Implications: Our findings with reduced nicotine content cigarettes differ from those of commercial low yields for which compensatory smoking for lower nicotine delivery is substantial. Our data suggest that the degree of nicotine dependence of smokers can be lowered without increasing their exposure to tobacco smoke toxins. Gradual reduction of nicotine content of cigarettes seems to be feasible and should be further evaluated as a national tobacco regulatory strategy.