Opposing effects of native and exotic herbivores on plant invasions
Opposing effects of native and exotic herbivores on plant invasions
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1121407
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发表时间：
2006-03-10
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Hay, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parker, JD;Burkepile, DE;Hay, ME
人们普遍认为，外来物种之所以能茁壮成长，是因为它们在新的栖息地缺乏天敌。然而，一项对63项包括100多种外来植物物种的实地研究进行的荟萃分析显示，本地食草动物抑制了外来植物，而外来食草动物促进了外来植物的丰度和物种丰富度。这两个结果表明，植物特别容易受到新的，通才食草动物，他们没有被选中抵抗。因此，本地食草动物提供生物抵抗植物入侵，但广泛的替代本地与外来食草动物消除了这种生态系统服务，促进植物入侵，并触发入侵的“崩溃”。
Exotic species are widely assumed to thrive because they lack natural enemies in their new ranges. However, a meta-analysis of 63 manipulative field studies including more than 100 exotic plant species revealed that native herbivores suppressed exotic plants, whereas exotic herbivores facilitated both the abundance and species richness of exotic plants. Both outcomes suggest that plants are especially susceptible to novel, generalist herbivores that they have not been selected to resist. Thus, native herbivores provide biotic resistance to plant invasions, but the widespread replacement of native with exotic herbivores eliminates this ecosystem service, facilitates plant invasions, and triggers an invasional “meltdown.”