A fully implantable subcutaneous glucose sensor array: enhanced accuracy from multiple sensing units and a median-based algorithm.
A fully implantable subcutaneous glucose sensor array: enhanced accuracy from multiple sensing units and a median-based algorithm.
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完全植入式皮下葡萄糖传感器阵列：多个传感单元和基于中值的算法提高了准确性。
DOI：
10.1089/152091503322640980
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Wood,MichaelD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ward,WKenneth;Casey,HeatherM;Quinn,MatthewJ;Federiuk,IsaacF;Wood,MichaelD
尽管连续电化学葡萄糖监测在糖尿病治疗中大有希望，但其实用性部分受到限制，因为误差来源不明。在阵列中使用冗余葡萄糖传感器可能会减少此类误差。我们假设，在皮下植入的阵列中，排除外围数据的基于中值的连续计算将导致比所有信号的平均更准确的葡萄糖测量。每只老鼠都植入了四个传感单元的阵列，每个单元独立地将数据传输到外部监测设备。通过对糖尿病动物输注胰岛素和对非糖尿病动物输注葡萄糖来对动物进行葡萄糖扰动，并且在这两种动物中，经常进行毛细血管葡萄糖监测。每 1-2 周进行一次重复葡萄糖扰动研究。我们观察到，与信号平均相比，基于中值的技术，即具有中值绝对偏差 (ZMAD) 的 Z 分数，始终能够带来更高的传感精度。 ZMAD 技术产生的相关系数为 0.93，96% 的值落在 Clarke 误差网格的 A 和 B 区域，这表明统一信号具有很高的准确性。当在植入的葡萄糖传感器阵列中进行测试时，基于中值的技术 (ZMAD) 会产生准确的统一信号，其准确性优于信号平均。
Although continuous electrochemical glucose monitoring holds promise in the management of diabetes, its utility is limited in part because of error of unclear origin. The use of redundant glucose sensors in an array might reduce such error. We hypothesized that in a subcutaneously implanted array, a median-based continuous computation that excludes outlying data would lead to more accurate glucose measurement than averaging of all signals. Each rat was implanted with an array of four sensing units, and each unit transmitted data independently to an external monitoring device. Animals underwent perturbation of glucose by insulin infusions in diabetic animals and glucose infusions in nondiabetic animals, and in both, capillary glucose monitoring was performed frequently. Repeat glucose perturbation studies were performed every 1-2 weeks. We observed that a median-based technique, theZ-score with Median Absolute Deviation (ZMAD), consistently led to greater sensing accuracy as compared with signal averaging. The ZMAD technique yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.93, and 96% of values fell in the A and B regions of the Clarke error grid, demonstrating a high degree of accuracy of the unified signal. When tested in an implanted array of glucose sensors, a median-based technique (ZMAD) yields an accurate unified signal, and its accuracy is superior to signal averaging.