Ambient nanoscale sensing with single spins using quantum decoherence
Ambient nanoscale sensing with single spins using quantum decoherence
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DOI：
10.1088/1367-2630/15/7/073042
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发表时间：
2013-07-23
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Hollenberg, L. C. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McGuinness, L. P.;Hall, L. T.;Hollenberg, L. C. L.
磁共振检测是当今生命科学中最重要的工具之一。然而，由于该技术检测的是大量自旋的磁化，因此它在空间分辨率上基本上限于介观尺度。在这里，我们检测纳米级自旋系综在环境温度下的自然波动，通过测量一个单一的量子自旋的退相干率响应于引入外源性目标自旋。在我们的实验中，将具有单氮空位（NV）自旋的45 nm纳米金刚石浸入含有自旋5/2 Mn 2+离子的溶液中，并通过光学检测磁共振测量NV退相干率。自由移动和吸积Mn自旋在溶液中的存在下，通过测量NV退相干率的显着变化进行检测。使用NV-靶系统的量子团簇扩展处理的数据分析发现，测量结果与在4.2 s内在（16 nm）的有效体积上检测到2500个运动扩散Mn自旋（3）一致，这表示靶系综尺寸和采集时间比传统的磁感应方法减少了几个数量级，用于电子自旋共振检测。这些测量提供了检测溶液中纳米体积自旋的基础，例如在活细胞的内部隔室中，并且直接适用于扫描探针架构。
Magnetic resonance detection is one of the most important tools used in life-sciences today. However, as the technique detects the magnetization of large ensembles of spins it is fundamentally limited in spatial resolution to mesoscopic scales. Here we detect the natural fluctuations of nanoscale spin ensembles at ambient temperatures by measuring the decoherence rate of a single quantum spin in response to introduced extrinsic target spins. In our experiments 45 nm nanodiamonds with single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spins were immersed in solution containing spin 5/2 Mn2+ ions and the NV decoherence rate measured though optically detected magnetic resonance. The presence of both freely moving and accreted Mn spins in solution were detected via significant changes in measured NV decoherence rates. Analysis of the data using a quantum cluster expansion treatment of the NV-target system found the measurements to be consistent with the detection of 2500 motionally diffusing Mn spins over an effective volume of (16 nm)(3) in 4.2 s, representing a reduction in target ensemble size and acquisition time of several orders of magnitude over conventional, magnetic induction approaches to electron spin resonance detection. These measurements provide the basis for the detection of nanovolume spins in solution, such as in the internal compartments of living cells, and are directly applicable to scanning probe architectures.