Strategies for Improving Vascularization in Kidney Organoids: A Review of Current Trends.
Strategies for Improving Vascularization in Kidney Organoids: A Review of Current Trends.
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改善肾脏器官血管化的策略：当前趋势的回顾。
作者：
有机化合物是器官的小型3D模型，可以帮助研究人员研究器官功能和疾病。肾脏有机化合物具有治疗慢性肾脏疾病的潜力，慢性肾脏疾病影响着超过8亿人。然而，由于功能不成熟以及缺乏血管和组织结构，创造功能齐全的肾脏有机化合物仍然是一个挑战。本文讨论了目前在发展成熟和血管化有机化合物方面的挑战和努力。肾脏有机化合物有可能使肾脏疾病的治疗发生革命性变化。然而，血管的生长不足阻碍了它们的生长和成熟。通过PubMed搜索，我们确定了34项试图应对这一挑战的研究。研究人员正在探索各种方法，包括动物移植、芯片上器官和细胞外基质(ECM)。促进有机化合物成熟和血管化的最常用方法是将其移植到动物体内进行培养，为有机化合物的生长创造最佳的环境，并在宿主和有机化合物之间建立嵌合血管网络。芯片上器官技术允许有机化合物的体外培养，使研究人员能够操纵微环境，并调查影响有机化合物发育的关键因素。最后，细胞外基质被发现有助于器官分化过程中血管的形成。来自动物组织的ECM特别成功，尽管其潜在的机制需要进一步研究。在最近这些研究的基础上，未来的研究可能会产生用于替代疗法的功能性肾组织。
Organoids are small, 3D models of organs that can help researchers study organ function and disease. Kidney organoids have the potential to treat chronic kidney disease, which affects over 800 million people. However, creating fully functioning kidney organoids is still a challenge due to functional immaturity and the lack of blood vessels and tissue organization. This article discusses the current challenges and efforts in developing matured and vascularized organoids. Kidney organoids possess the potential to revolutionize the treatment of renal diseases. However, their growth and maturation are impeded by insufficient growth of blood vessels. Through a PubMed search, we have identified 34 studies that attempted to address this challenge. Researchers are exploring various approaches including animal transplantation, organ-on-chips, and extracellular matrices (ECMs). The most prevalent method to promote the maturation and vascularization of organoids involves transplanting them into animals for in vivo culture, creating an optimal environment for organoid growth and the development of a chimeric vessel network between the host and organoids. Organ-on-chip technology permits the in vitro culture of organoids, enabling researchers to manipulate the microenvironment and investigate the key factors that influence organoid development. Lastly, ECMs have been discovered to aid the formation of blood vessels during organoid differentiation. ECMs from animal tissue have been particularly successful, although the underlying mechanisms require further research. Future research building upon these recent studies may enable the generation of functional kidney tissues for replacement therapies.
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