How males can gain by harming their mates: Sexual conflict, seminal toxins, and the cost of mating
How males can gain by harming their mates: Sexual conflict, seminal toxins, and the cost of mating
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DOI：
10.1086/303392
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Keller, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnstone, RA;Keller, L
我们认为，破坏性的交配策略，如身体攻击，生殖器倒钩和棘突的进化，以及精液毒素的转移，可能是雄性诱使雌性避免或推迟交配的一般手段。如果累积损伤对体能有加速影响，那么已经被前伴侣(S)伤害的女性可能会尽量克制自己，以避免遭受进一步的伤害。因此，雄性可以通过强加交配费用来获益，即使这可能会降低雌性的健康，因为这样做会将其配偶再次交配的机会降至最低。我们建立了这种可能性的博弈论模型，并以毒素转移为例进行了说明。我们发现，毒性作为一种抑制调节的手段，在广泛的条件下表现为稳定的(尽管，在某些情况下，可能有必要援引其他选择压力来解释毒性的初始进化)。该模型预测，在具有更大的最后一只雄性交配优势的物种中，毒素转移应该更常见(并且涉及更高水平的毒性)；这也最有可能是毒物对雌性造成强烈加速的、依赖于剂量的成本。
We suggest that damaging mating tactics, such as physical aggression, the evolution of genital barbs and spines, and the transfer of seminal toxins may serve as a general means by which males can induce females to avoid or to delay remating. Provided that cumulative damage has an accelerating impact on fitness, a female who has already been harmed by previous partner(s) may do best to refrain from remating to avoid suffering still further damage. Consequently, a male can gain through the imposition of mating costs, even though this may reduce female fitness because by doing so he minimizes the chances that his mate will copulate again. We develop a game theoretical model of this possibility, focusing on toxin transfer as an illustrative example. We show that toxicity as a means of inhibiting remating is phenotypically stable over a broad range of conditions (although, under some circumstances, it may be necessary to invoke other selective pressures to account for the initial evolution of toxicity). The model predicts that toxin transfer should be more common (and involve greater levels of toxicity) in species with greater last-male mating advantage; it is also most likely where the poison inflicts strongly accelerating, dose-dependent costs on females.