Morphological changes in the visual pathway induced by experimental glaucoma in Japanese monkeys
Morphological changes in the visual pathway induced by experimental glaucoma in Japanese monkeys
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2009.03.013
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hara, Hideaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito, Yasushi;Shimazawa, Masamitsu;Hara, Hideaki
青光眼是一种视神经病变，是世界范围内致盲的主要原因。在这种情况下，损伤从视网膜延伸到大脑中的视觉中心，尽管损伤的主要区域被认为是视神经头（ONH），外侧膝状体核（LGN）受到继发性影响。我们研究了日本猴（一种比其他猕猴更类似于人类的物种）眼内压（IOP）升高后ONH、视神经（ON）和LGN的时间依赖性改变。研究了9只日本猴子，每只都有一只实验性青光眼左眼，和两只幼稚的猴子。每周进行眼部检查（包括IOP测量和眼底照相）。在IOP升高后2-48周摘除眼睛和大脑，并评估ON和LGN的变化。定期监测给药眼的IOP，发现每只猴在整个观察期内持续升高。从眼压升高后2周开始，青光眼眼的ONH表现出时间依赖性的深杯状和边缘区域变薄。分别在第4周和第28周首次观察到轴突损失和ON面积减少。在第2周，在LGN的第I层和第2层[大细胞（M）层]中首次观察到神经元损失，在第12周，在LGN的第3-6层[小细胞（P）层]中首次观察到神经元损失。第2周时，在LGN的所有层中首次观察到神经元收缩。这些发现表明，在日本猴中，可以在IOP升高后的早期（最初几周）检测到LGN中神经元的损伤，也可以检测到ONH的损伤。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Glaucoma, an optic neuropathy, is the leading cause of world blindness. In this condition, the damage extends from the retina to the visual center in the brain, although the primary region of damage is thought to be the optic nerve head (ONH), with the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) being secondarily affected. We investigated time-dependent alterations in the ONH, the optic nerve (ON), and the LGN after intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in Japanese monkeys (a species more similar to humans than other macaque species). Nine Japanese monkeys, each with an experimental glaucomatous left eye, and two naive monkeys were studied. Ocular-testing sessions (including IOP measurement and fundus photography) were held weekly. Eyes and brains were enucleated at 2-48 weeks after IOP elevation, and alterations in ONs and LGN were evaluated. The IOP of the treated eyes was monitored periodically and found to be elevated continuously throughout the observation period in each monkey. The ONH of the glaucomatous eyes exhibited time-dependent deep cupping and thinning of the rim area from 2 weeks after the IOP elevation. Loss of axons and a decrease in the area of ON were first observed at 4 and 28 weeks, respectively. Neuronal loss was first observed at 2 weeks in layers I and 2 of LGN [magnocellular (M)-layer] and at 12 weeks in layers 3-6 of LGN [parvocellular (P)-layer]. Neuronal shrinkage was first observed at 2 weeks in all layers in LGN. These findings indicate that in Japanese monkeys, damage to neurons in LGN can be detected in the early phase (first few weeks) after an IOP elevation, as can damage to ONH. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.