Assembling an Ecosystem: The Making of State Páramos in Colombia
Assembling an Ecosystem: The Making of State Páramos in Colombia
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组建生态系统：哥伦比亚帕拉莫斯州的建立
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Ungar
中科院分区：
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作者：
P. Ungar
2016年，在哥伦比亚，被称为PáRamos的非同寻常的高山生态系统在法律上被中央州划定为严格保护区，完全基于用生物物理信息制作的地图。在他们的边界内，大多数人类活动都是被禁止的，尽管大多数帕拉莫斯人已经居住和使用了几个世纪。我用集合的分析来询问这些排他性国家PáRamos的形成。这一框架让我超越了对国家控制领域的理解，将其仅仅理解为自上而下的威权属地化过程的产物，并使不同主体围绕着划定的PáRamos的生产的做法变得可见。它还帮助我调查这些对象在这个过程中发生了什么，并有助于批判性地了解他们在建立保护区中的作用。我认为，这一过程有三个相互关联的结果：政府被推离山顶上的自由政府，走向中央集权的威权计划；科学实践抵制国家在保护方面的权力；一些社会组织成为简化宏伟计划的工具。我认为，2010年代矿业非激进主义的威胁影响了这三个主题的实践，并催化了强制分隔的PáRamo的聚集，并将他们排除在生产网格之外。
In Colombia in 2016, extraordinary upper mountain ecosystems known as páramos were legally delimited by the central state as strict conservation areas, based exclusively on maps produced with biophysical information. Inside their boundaries, most human activities were forbidden, although most páramos have been inhabited and used for centuries. I interrogate the making of these exclusionary state páramos using the analytic of assemblage. This framework allows me to go beyond the understanding of fields of state control as merely the product of a process of top-down authoritarian territorialisation, and make the practices of heterogeneous subjects around the production of delimited páramos visible. It also helps me investigate what happened to these subjects in the process, and contribute to a critical understanding of their roles in the establishment of conservation areas. I argue that this process had three interrelated outcomes: the state was pushed away from a liberal government of upper mountains, and towards a centralised, authoritarian scheme; scientific practices resisted state power around conservation; and some social organisations became instrumental to a simplifying grand scheme. I propose that the threat of mining extractivism in the 2010s influenced the practices of these three subjects, and catalysed the assemblage of coercively delimited páramos and their exclusion from the productive grid.