The role of polarity in antonym and synonym conceptual knowledge: Evidence from stroke aphasia and multidimensional ratings of abstract words
The role of polarity in antonym and synonym conceptual knowledge: Evidence from stroke aphasia and multidimensional ratings of abstract words
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.015
复制
发表时间：
2012-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Borgenicht, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crutch, Sebastian J.;Williams, Paul;Borgenicht, Laura
本研究描述了不同类型的语义关系之间的抽象词的调查：反义词（如好-坏），同义词（如好-伟大），非反义词，非同义联想（NANSA;如好-有趣）和无关的词（如好-晚）。使用两种不同的方法来检查这些词的理解和语义属性。实验一采用口语词与书面词匹配的实验范式，考察了三名完全性失语症患者对抽象词对的理解。与预期相反，所有三名患者表现出上级反义词的理解与同义词或NANSA相比，区分反义词与不相关的词具有相似的准确性水平。实验2旨在探索实验1中使用的抽象词的内容或语义属性，通过在九个认知维度（感觉，动作，思想，情感，社会互动，空间，时间，数量和极性）上产生控制评级。离散分析表明，反义词是一样或更相似的另一个比同义词，但在一个措施：极性。实验2的结果为实验1中观察到的神经心理学数据的新模式提供了一种可能的解释，即在区分抽象词的意义时，极性信息比其他语义属性更重要。有人认为，极性是一个重要的语义属性的抽象词，简单的“相异性”指标掩模的基本语义表示的反义词。它还建议，映射抽象的语义空间需要识别和量化的贡献，抽象概念的感觉和情感信息，但也有主机的其他认知层面。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
This study describes an investigation of different types of semantic relationship among abstract words: antonyms (e.g. good-bad), synonyms (e.g. good-great), non-antonymous, non-synonymous associates (NANSAs; e.g. good-fun) and unrelated words (e.g. good-late). The comprehension and semantic properties of these words were examined using two distinct methodologies. Experiment 1 tested the comprehension of pairs of abstract words in three patients with global aphasia using a spoken word to written word matching paradigm. Contrary to expectations, all three patients showed superior antonym comprehension compared with synonyms or NANSAs, discriminating antonyms with a similar level of accuracy as unrelated words. Experiment 2 aimed to explore the content or semantic attributes of the abstract words used in Experiment 1 through the generation of control ratings across nine cognitive dimensions (sensation, action, thought, emotion, social interaction, space, time, quantity and polarity). Discrepancy analyses revealed that antonyms were as or more similar to one another than synonyms on all but one measure: polarity. The results of Experiment 2 provide a possible explanation for the novel pattern of neuropsychological data observed in Experiment 1, namely that polarity information is more important than other semantic attributes when discriminating the meaning of abstract words. It is argued that polarity is a critical semantic attribute of abstract words, and that simple 'dissimilarity' metrics mask fundamental consistencies in the semantic representation of antonyms. It is also suggested that mapping abstract semantic space requires the identification and quantification of the contribution made to abstract concepts by not only sensorimotor and emotional information but also a host of other cognitive dimensions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.