The magnitude effect: Temporal discount rates and restaurant tips
The magnitude effect: Temporal discount rates and restaurant tips
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03209466
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发表时间：
1998-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Winquist, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, GB;Winquist, JR
决策者表现出更大的主观时间贴现率为小幅度比大。也就是说，当他们等待的是少量资金而不是大量资金时，他们要求更大的价值增长百分比来补偿延迟。Prelec和Loewenstein（1991;另见Loewenstein和Prelec，1992）提出了一个增加比例敏感性的解释。这种解释推测，数量效应源于货币的效用函数，因此并不是跨期选择所独有的。一项研究通过证明两个领域的幅度效应来验证这一预测：跨期选择和餐馆用餐，理发和出租车乘坐的小费。在跨期选择中，受试者对较小的货币金额表现出较大的折扣率。他们给小面额钞票的小费比例也比给大面额钞票的大。因此，这两个领域都表现出了幅度效应;然而，效应的大小在领域之间并没有很好的相关性。
Decision makers show a larger subjective temporal discount rate for small magnitudes than for large ones. That is, they demand a larger percent increase in value to compensate for a delay when they are waiting for a small amount of money than for a large amount. Prelec and Loewenstein (1991; see also Loewenstein & Prelec, 1992) proposed an increasing proportional sensitivity account of this magnitude effect. This account surmises that the magnitude effect stems from the utility function for money and is consequently not unique to intertemporal choice. One study tested this prediction by demonstrating the magnitude effect in two domains: intertemporal choice and tipping for restaurant meals, haircuts, and taxi rides. In intertemporal choice, subjects showed a larger discount rate for smaller monetary amounts. They also tipped a larger percentage on small bills than on large bills. Thus, both domains showed the magnitude effect; however, the size of the effect was not well correlated between domains.