The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement and Associated Virulence Factors of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement and Associated Virulence Factors of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.ehec-0007-2013
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Frankel, Gad M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stevens, Mark P.;Frankel, Gad M.
产生志贺毒素的大肠杆菌菌株的一个子集，称为肠出血性大肠杆菌 (EHEC)，其部分定义是能够在肠上皮上产生附着和抹去 (A/E) 损伤。这种损伤的特征是细菌紧密附着在肠上皮细胞的顶端表面、粘附细菌下方的细胞骨架重排以及近端微绒毛的破坏。 A/E 病变的形成需要肠细胞消失位点 (LEE)，它编码将细菌蛋白注入宿主细胞的 III 型分泌系统。这些易位的蛋白质，称为效应子，会破坏大量的细胞途径，使病原体受益，例如，通过募集细胞骨架蛋白质、破坏上皮屏障完整性以及干扰炎症、吞噬作用和细胞凋亡的诱导。 LEE 和选定的效应器在 EHEC 的肠道持久性和毒力中发挥着关键作用，并且越来越清楚的是，效应器在感染过程中可能以冗余、协同和拮抗的方式发挥作用。针对 III 型分泌系统功能的疫苗可限制肠出血性大肠杆菌在储存宿主中的定植，因此可能有助于控制人畜共患感染。在这里，我们回顾了 LEE 编码的 III 型分泌系统的特征和功能以及大肠杆菌 O157: H7 和其他产志贺毒素的相关效应子
A subset of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains, termed enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), is defined in part by the ability to produce attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on intestinal epithelia. Such lesions are characterized by intimate bacterial attachment to the apical surface of enterocytes, cytoskeletal rearrangements beneath adherent bacteria, and destruction of proximal microvilli. A/E lesion formation requires the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which encodes a Type III secretion system that injects bacterial proteins into host cells. The translocated proteins, termed effectors, subvert a plethora of cellular pathways to the benefit of the pathogen, for example, by recruiting cytoskeletal proteins, disrupting epithelial barrier integrity, and interfering with the induction of inflammation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. The LEE and selected effectors play pivotal roles in intestinal persistence and virulence of EHEC, and it is becoming clear that effectors may act in redundant, synergistic, and antagonistic ways during infection. Vaccines that target the function of the Type III secretion system limit colonization of reservoir hosts by EHEC and may thus aid control of zoonotic infections. Here we review the features and functions of the LEE-encoded Type III secretion system and associated effectors of E. coli O157: H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing