A demographic approach to evaluating the impact of stressors on bumble bee colonies
A demographic approach to evaluating the impact of stressors on bumble bee colonies
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DOI：
10.1111/een.12376
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Cresswell, James E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cresswell, James E.
1. 自然和人为的压力源威胁着大黄蜂的可持续性，评估它们的影响对于管理这些有价值的传粉媒介至关重要。人口统计学模型为测试压力源影响的假设提供了一个框架，但以前还没有应用于大黄蜂。因此，我为一个大黄蜂群体制定了一个人口统计模型，然后量化了两种压力源的影响，农药暴露和蜘蛛捕食，通过它们已知的影响来干扰它。通过模拟在实验室中将地绵猴暴露于饮食中的吡虫啉（一种新烟碱类杀虫剂），我测试了观察到的蜂群下降是否仅仅是由于对蚁后繁殖力的毒性影响。通过模拟对B. terricola Kirby的实地观察，我测试了蟹蜘蛛的捕食是否足以降低群体适应性，从而为大黄蜂遇到蜘蛛时所看到的回避行为提供适应性解释。在陆地芽孢杆菌中，适当剂量的繁殖力下降预示着观察到的群体下降，这意味着这是毒性的主要机制。在B. terricola中，蜘蛛的捕食率增加一倍会使一个群体的新蚁后产量减少11%，这意味着蜘蛛的躲避是高度适应性的。这些分析说明了人口模型在量化压力源对大黄蜂的影响方面的效用。在未来，这种类型的模型可以用来调查更广泛的压力源，从而产生保护大黄蜂和它们提供的授粉服务有用的知识和工具。
1. Natural and anthropogenic stressors threaten the sustainability of bumble bees and evaluating their impact is essential to the stewardship of these valuable pollinators. Demographic modelling provides a framework for testing hypotheses about the impacts of stressors, but it has not previously been applied to bumble bees.2. I therefore formulated a demographic model for a bumble bee colony and then quantified the impact of two stressors, pesticide exposure and spider predation, by perturbing it with their known effects.3. By simulating a laboratory exposure of Bombus terrestris L. to dietary imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid insecticide), I tested whether the observed colony declinewas explained solely by a toxic effect on the fecundity of the foundress queen. By simulating field observations of B. terricola Kirby, I tested whether predation by crab spiders reduced colony fitness sufficiently to provide an adaptive explanation for avoidance behaviours seen when bumble bees encounter spiders.4. In B. terrestris, a dose-appropriate decrease in fecundity predicted the observed colony decline, which implicates this as a principal mechanism of toxicity. In B. terricola, doubling the rate of spider predation reduced a colony's production of new queens by 11%, which implies that spider avoidance is highly adaptive.5. These analyses illustrate the utility of demographic modelling for quantifying the impacts of stressors on bumble bees. In the future, models of this type could be used to investigate a wider range of stressors and to produce thereby knowledge and tools useful for safeguarding bumble bees and the pollination services that they provide.