Influence of maternal bone lead burden and calcium intake on levels of lead in breast milk over the course of lactation
Influence of maternal bone lead burden and calcium intake on levels of lead in breast milk over the course of lactation
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwj010
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Hernández-Avila, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ettinger, AS;Téllez-Rojo, MM;Hernández-Avila, M
作者研究了1994年至1995年期间在墨西哥墨西哥城母乳喂养婴儿的367名妇女，以评估累积铅暴露，母乳喂养实践和钙摄入量对母乳铅水平的影响。在产后1、4和7个月测量母亲血液和母乳中的铅含量。产后1个月进行骨铅测定。在产后1、4和7个月，平均母乳铅水平分别为1.4（标准差（SD），1.1）、1.2（SD，1.0）和0.9（SD，0.8）μ g/L，并在哺乳期内呈显著下降趋势（p < 0.00001）。母乳喂养改变了骨铅和血铅与母乳铅的关系，其中纯母乳喂养的髌骨铅水平高的妇女母乳铅水平最高。与安慰剂相比，在整个哺乳期，膳食钙补充剂使母乳中铅的下降率增加了5- 10%，这表明钙补充剂可能是一种重要的干预策略，尽管效果不大，但可以减少母乳中的铅，从而减少婴儿接触铅的可能性。
The authors studied 367 women who were breastfeeding their infants in Mexico City, Mexico, between 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the effect of cumulative lead exposure, breastfeeding practices, and calcium intake on breast milk lead levels over the course of lactation. Maternal blood and breast milk lead levels were measured at 1, 4, and 7 months postpartum. Bone lead measurements were obtained at 1 month postpartum. At 1, 4, and 7 months postpartum, respectively, the mean breast milk lead levels were 1.4 (standard deviation (SD), 1.1), 1.2 (SD, 1.0), and 0.9 (SD, 0.8) mu g/liter and showed a significant decreasing trend over the course of lactation (p < 0.00001). The relations of bone lead and blood lead to breast milk lead were modified by breastfeeding practice, with the highest breast milk lead levels among women with a high level of patella lead who were exclusively breastfeeding. Dietary calcium supplementation increased the rate of decline in breast milk lead by 5-10%, in comparison with a placebo, over the course of lactation, suggesting that calcium supplementation may constitute an important intervention strategy, albeit with a modest effect, for reducing lead in breast milk and thus the potential for exposure by infants.