Determination of airborne isocyanate exposure: considerations in method selection.
Determination of airborne isocyanate exposure: considerations in method selection.
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空气中异氰酸酯暴露的测定：方法选择的考虑因素。
DOI：
10.1080/15298660008984567
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. O'Connor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Streicher;Christopher M. Reh;R. Key;P. Schlecht;M. Cassinelli;P. O'Connor
为了评估工人在制造和使用表面涂层、聚氨酯泡沫、粘合剂、树脂、弹性体、粘合剂和密封剂的各种过程中的异氰酸酯暴露，能够测量空气中含有活性异氰酸酯的化合物是很重要的。选择正确的方法可能很困难。异氰酸酯种类，包括单体、预聚物、低聚物和多异氰酸酯，能够对皮肤、眼睛、粘膜和呼吸道产生刺激。最常见的不良健康影响是呼吸道致敏，其次是皮肤致敏和过敏性肺炎。此外，在聚氨酯生产或热降解过程中形成的异氰酸酯物种也可能产生不利的健康影响。异氰酸酯的测量是复杂的，因为异氰酸酯可能以各种粒径的蒸汽或气溶胶的形式存在；感兴趣的物种是反应性的，因此不稳定；很少有纯粹的分析标准存在；需要较高的分析灵敏度。在取样和分析过程中，有许多点可以引入误差。为特定工作场所选择最合适的方法应考虑的因素包括收集、衍生化、样品制备、分离、鉴定和定量。本文详细讨论了这些因素，并根据异氰酸酯的种类、物理状态、颗粒大小、固形率和其他因素总结了方法选择标准。
To assess worker isocyanate exposures in a variety of processes involving the manufacture and use of surface coatings, polyurethane foams, adhesives, resins, elastomers, binders, and sealants, it is important to be able to measure airborne reactive isocyanate-containing compounds. Choosing the correct methodology can be difficult. Isocyanate species, including monomers, prepolymers, oligomers, and polyisocyanates, are capable of producing irritation to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. The most common adverse health effect is respiratory sensitization, and to a lesser extent dermal sensitization and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Furthermore, isocyanate species formed during polyurethane production or thermal degradation may also produce adverse health effects. Isocyanate measurement is complicated by the fact that isocyanates may be in the form of vapors or aerosols of various particle size; the species of interest are reactive and therefore unstable; few pure analytical standards exist; and high analytical sensitivity is needed. There are numerous points in the sampling and analytical procedures at which errors can be introduced. The factors to be considered for selecting the most appropriate methodology for a given workplace include collection, derivatization, sample preparation, separation, identification, and quantification. This article discusses these factors in detail and presents a summary of method selection criteria based on the isocyanate species, its physical state, particle size, cure rate, and other factors.