Learning Resource Allocation Policies from Observational Data with an Application to Homeless Services Delivery

Learning Resource Allocation Policies from Observational Data with an Application to Homeless Services Delivery
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从观测数据学习资源分配政策及其在无家可归者服务提供中的应用

DOI:
10.1145/3531146.3533181
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
and Transparency
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rice, Eric
Rice, Eric
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rahmattalabi, Aida;Vayanos, Phebe;Dullerud, Kathryn;Rice, Eric

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我们从观察数据中研究学习问题,制定公平且可解释的政策,有效地将异质个体与不同类型的稀缺资源相匹配。我们将此问题建模为多类多服务器排队系统,其中个体和资源随着时间的推移随机到达。每个人到达后都会被分配到一个队列,等待与资源匹配。根据对服务每个队列的资源类型进行编码的资格结构,以先到先服务 (FCFS) 的方式分配资源。我们提出了一种基于现代因果推理技术的方法,用于构建各个队列并学习匹配结果,并提供混合整数优化(MIO)公式来优化资格结构。 MIO 问题在等待时间和公平性约束下最大化政策结果。它非常灵活,允许额外的线性域约束。我们使用合成数据和真实数据进行广泛的分析。特别是,我们使用来自美国无家可归者管理信息系统(HMIS)的数据来评估我们的框架。我们获得了与 FCFS 政策一样短的等待时间,同时提高了服务不足或弱势群体的无家可归者退出率(黑人群体高出 7%,17 岁以下人群高出 15%)和整体。
We study the problem of learning, from observational data, fair and interpretable policies that effectively match heterogeneous individuals to scarce resources of different types. We model this problem as a multi-class multi-server queuing system where both individuals and resources arrive stochastically over time. Each individual, upon arrival, is assigned to a queue where they wait to be matched to a resource. The resources are assigned in a first come first served (FCFS) fashion according to an eligibility structure that encodes the resource types that serve each queue. We propose a methodology based on techniques in modern causal inference to construct the individual queues as well as learn the matching outcomes and provide a mixed-integer optimization (MIO) formulation to optimize the eligibility structure. The MIO problem maximizes policy outcome subject to wait time and fairness constraints. It is very flexible, allowing for additional linear domain constraints. We conduct extensive analyses using synthetic and real-world data. In particular, we evaluate our framework using data from the U.S. Homeless Management Information System (HMIS). We obtain wait times as low as an FCFS policy while improving the rate of exit from homelessness for underserved or vulnerable groups (7% higher for the Black individuals and 15% higher for those below 17 years old) and overall.
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