Critical Material Applications and Intensities in Clean Energy Technologies
Critical Material Applications and Intensities in Clean Energy Technologies
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DOI：
10.3390/cleantechnol1010012
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发表时间：
2019-08
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Alexandra Leader;G. Gaustad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alexandra Leader;G. Gaustad
清洁能源技术的发展是为了解决气候变化这一紧迫的全球问题；然而，许多这些技术的功能依赖于被认为是关键的材料。关键材料是那些可能容易受到供应中断影响的材料。在本文中，来自学术文章、政府报告和行业出版物的关键材料强度数据被汇总并以各种功能单元呈现，这些功能单元根据每种技术的应用而变化。清洁能源生产技术：燃气轮机、直接驱动风力涡轮机和三种太阳能光伏（硅、碲化镉和CIGS）；质子交换膜燃料电池、含永磁电机、镍氢电池和锂离子电池的低排放迁移技术；并对节能灯（CFL， LFL和LED灯泡）进行了分析。为了进一步探讨关键材料在应对气候变化方面的作用，还提供了减排单位，以说明每种清洁能源生产技术中每质量关键材料的温室气体减排潜力。结果显示了清洁能源技术在不同性能、经济性和环保性单位下的材料使用情况的比较。
Clean energy technologies have been developed to address the pressing global issue of climate change; however, the functionality of many of these technologies relies on materials that are considered critical. Critical materials are those that have potential vulnerability to supply disruption. In this paper, critical material intensity data from academic articles, government reports, and industry publications are aggregated and presented in a variety of functional units, which vary based on the application of each technology. The clean energy production technologies of gas turbines, direct drive wind turbines, and three types of solar photovoltaics (silicon, CdTe, and CIGS); the low emission mobility technologies of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, permanent-magnet-containing motors, and both nickel metal hydride and Li-ion batteries; and, the energy-efficient lighting devices (CFL, LFL, and LED bulbs) are analyzed. To further explore the role of critical materials in addressing climate change, emissions savings units are also provided to illustrate the potential for greenhouse gas emission reductions per mass of critical material in each of the clean energy production technologies. Results show the comparisons of material use in clean energy technologies under various performance, economic, and environmental based units.