Activated carbon for gas separation and storage
Activated carbon for gas separation and storage
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DOI：
10.1016/0008-6223(95)00128-x
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.9
通讯作者：
Rao, MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sircar, S;Golden, TC;Rao, MB
活性炭提供了用于吸附气体的大范围的孔结构和表面化学，其被用于设计用于分离和纯化气体混合物的实际变压和变温吸附工艺。在气体分离过程中，活性炭通常优于沸石吸附剂，因为它们对气体的吸附强度相对适中，这有利于解吸过程。综述了活性炭的三种工业应用，（a）从污染气体中去除痕量杂质，（B）从蒸汽-甲烷转化炉尾气中生产氢气，和（c）从空气中生产氮气。还描述了活性炭用于气体分离和净化的四种新应用。它们包括，（a）通过较大的烃分子选择性表面流动通过聚合物基质碳化产生的纳米多孔碳膜来分离氢-烃混合物，（B）通过变压吸附进行气体干燥，使用通过疏水性碳的表面氧化产生的水选择性微孔碳吸附剂，（c）通过使用碳吸附剂-催化剂复合物从空气中选择性吸附和原位氧化痕量挥发性有机化合物来去除，和（d）在高表面积碳上储存压缩天然气。
Activated carbons offer a large spectrum of pore structures and surface chemistry for adsorption of gases, which are being used to design practical pressure swing and thermal swing adsorption processes for separation and purification of gas mixtures. The activated carbons are often preferred over the zeolitic adsorbents in a gas separation process because of their relatively moderate strengths of adsorption for gases, which facilitate the desorption process. Three commercial applications of activated carbons, (a) trace impurity removal from a contaminated gas, (b) production of hydrogen from a steam-methane reformer off gas, and (c) production of nitrogen from air, are reviewed. Four novel applications of activated carbons for gas separation and purification are also described. They include, (a) separation of hydrogen-hydrocarbon mixtures by selective surface flow of larger hydrocarbon molecules through a nanoporous carbon membrane produced by carbonization of a polymer matrix, (b) gas drying by pressure swing adsorption using a water selective microporous carbon adsorbent produced by surface oxidation of a hydrophobic carbon, (c) removal by selective adsorption and in-situ oxidation of trace volatile organic compounds from air by using a carbon adsorbent-catalyst composite, and (d) storage of compressed natural gas on high surface area carbons.