A Critical Mutualism - Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle
A Critical Mutualism - Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.03142
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发表时间：
2020-01-22
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Larrosa, Mar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castellanos, Nazareth;Diez, Gustavo G.;Larrosa, Mar
体育锻炼可以预防多种疾病的发生，从而改善整体健康状况。近年来，人们发现体育锻炼通过增加有益细菌的存在和微生物多样性来影响肠道微生物群。相比之下，久坐的生活方式会增加慢性疾病的发病率，而慢性疾病往往会导致微生物多样性的丧失。肠道微生物群是一个巨大的生态系统，其中微生物以不同的方式相互作用。然而，微生物生态系统相互作用的研究却很少。这项研究的目的是确定久坐生活方式的个体肠道微生物群的多样性是否较低，以及微生物多样性如何与细菌网络相互作用的变化相关。为此，对遵守或不遵守世界卫生组织身体活动建议的个体的饮食、身体成分、身体活动和久坐行为进行了表征。通过 16S rRNA 基因测序确定肠道微生物组的组成。通过网络分析来重组微生物结构与生活方式，其中比较网络复杂性以及细菌之间正负相互依赖的拓扑结构，并将其与微生物多样性相关联。久坐的生活方式与低纤维、富含糖和加工肉类的饮食以及高内脏和总体脂肪成分显着相关。与活跃的个体相比，久坐的个体肠道微生物群的多样性（系统发育多样性、Chao、观察到的物种和香农指数）和网络复杂性显着较低。尽管各组之间的互利共生或共现互动相似，但积极生活方式组的竞争力明显更高。互利竞争比率适中，并且与久坐个体的多样性呈正相关，但与活跃个体的多样性无关。这一发现表明，该比率存在一个临界点，超过该临界点，微生物群落就会失去稳定性，从而导致多样性的丧失。
Physical exercise improves the overall health status by preventing the development of several diseases. In recent years, it has been observed that physical exercise impacts gut microbiota by increasing the presence of beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle increases the incidence of chronic diseases that often have an associated loss of microbial diversity. The gut microbiota is a vast ecosystem in which microorganisms interact with each other in different ways; however, microbial ecosystem interactions are scarcely studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether individuals with a sedentary lifestyle have lower diversity in their gut microbiota and how microbial diversity is associated with changes in bacterial network interactions. For that purpose, diet, body composition, physical activity, and sedentarism behavior were characterized for individuals who did or did not comply with the World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity. The composition of the gut microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reorganization of microbial structure with lifestyle was approached from network analysis, where network complexity and the topology of positive and negative interdependences between bacteria were compared and correlated with microbial diversity. Sedentary lifestyle was significantly associated with a diet low in fiber and rich in sugars and processed meat, as well as with high visceral and total corporal fat composition. The diversity (phylogenic diversity, Chao, observed species, and Shannon's index) and network complexity of the gut microbiota were significantly lower in sedentary compared to active individuals. Whereas mutualism or co-occurrence interactions were similar between groups, competitiveness was significantly higher in the active lifestyle group. The mutualism-competition ratio was moderate and positively associated with diversity in sedentary individuals, but not in active individuals. This finding indicates that there is a critical point in this ratio beyond which the stability of the microbial community is lost, inducing a loss of diversity.