Economic costs of disease and injury.
Economic costs of disease and injury.
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疾病和伤害的经济成本。
DOI：
10.2307/4590578
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发表时间：
1959
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
F. D. Collings
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Mushkin;F. D. Collings
什么是疾病的代价，什么是健康的代价？替代健康活动的成本和价格是什么？与其他项目相比，控制疾病应该花多少钱？面对疾病问题，我们能做什么，能不做什么？关于特定疾病的费用以及用于预防和治疗的相对费用，人们一再提出这类问题。这些问题单靠成本和价格的量化是无法解决的；但是，正如温斯洛所强调的，这种量化可以提供一个最有价值的工具来帮助考虑这些问题(1)。卫生项目带来的经济收益和损失的计算可以是一个重要的工具，特别是在规划亚洲、非洲和南美洲部分地区的经济发展时。对这些国家来说，卫生项目的实际价格通常不仅包括公共卫生项目的支出，还包括人口增长压力引起的成本。由于采用了现代公共卫生措施和技术，死亡率显著下降，从而加剧了这些压力。例如，据估计，在一些非工业国家引进现代医疗技术导致死亡率下降，人口每年净增长1%至2%。虽然成本价格方程在世界非工业国家的卫生规划中有更迫切的应用，但它们也适用于
WHAT is the cost of sickness and the price of health? What are the costs and prices of alternative health activities and how much should be spent for control of a disease as compared with other programs ? What can we afford to do, and afford not to do, in meeting disease problems ? Such questions are raised repeatedly about the costs of specific diseases and about com¬ parative amounts spent for prevention and treatment. These are issues which quantifica¬ tion of costs and prices cannot resolve alone; but, as Winslow emphasized, such quantifica¬ tion can provide a most valuable tool to assist in consideration of these issues (1). The arithmetic of economic gains and losses brought about by health programs can be an important tool, especially in planning for eco¬ nomic development in parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. For these countries, the real price of health programs often includes not only expenditures for public health pro¬ grams but also costs occasioned by pressures of population growth. These pressures have been intensified by a marked fall in death rates from the application of modern public health measures and techniques. It has been esti¬ mated, for example, that the introduction of modern medical technology into some of the nonindustrial nations has resulted in a decline in mortality and a net increase of 1 to 2 percent in population per year. While cost-price equations have more urgent application in health programing in nonin¬ dustrial nations of the world, they also apply to