Laboratory culturing of Elysia chlorotica reveals a shift from transient to permanent kleptoplasty
Laboratory culturing of Elysia chlorotica reveals a shift from transient to permanent kleptoplasty
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DOI：
10.1007/s13199-012-0192-0
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Rumpho, Mary E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pelletreau, Karen N.;Worful, Jared M.;Rumpho, Mary E.
嗜狼性saclogssan Elysia chlorotica与黄叶藻类Vaucheria litorea的质体（=叶绿体）共享必要的细胞内共生关系。尽管野生标本已被用于解决一系列生物学问题，但在受控的实验室条件下，在共生关系最初建立期间，没有一项研究彻底描述了动物的发育。实验室培养条件进行了修改，与以前的工作相比，成功变态所需的时间减少了40%。质体最初在宿主体内并不稳定；“永久眼睑成形术”只在以千分之一的剂量饲养7天后才可获得。较短的喂养时间导致质体的丢失和发育异常；这一阶段的特征为“短暂性睑下垂成形术”。在相同的饥饿期后，处于瞬时状态的个体比具有永久盗贼体的动物表现出更大的长度减少。为了测试获得永久性盗贼成形术后食物供应的影响，动物接受了各种饮食方案，随后是一段持续喂养的恢复期。30%的动物在建立永久性盗贼成形术所需的最初一周喂养后存活了很长时间的饥饿（大约4周）。当再次暴露于沃切菌时，所有处理均表现出快速生长。因此，在最初的发育过程中，当有沃氏菌可供食用时，绿藻的适应性增强了。然而，动物迅速建立永久性的睑缘成形术，这赋予了灵活的食物需求和对食物限制的抵抗力，这可能是盐沼泽环境中绿芽孢杆菌的优势，在这些环境中，沃切菌属的丰度是零星的。
The kleptoplastic sacoglossan Elysia chlorotica shares a requisite, intracellular symbiosis with the plastids (= chloroplasts) of the Xanthophyte alga Vaucheria litorea. Although wild specimens have been used to address a range of biological questions, no studies have thoroughly characterized animal development during the initial establishment of the symbiosis under controlled laboratory conditions. Laboratory culture conditions were modified and the time required for successful metamorphosis was reduced by 40 % relative to previous work. Plastids were not initially stable within the host; "permanent kleptoplasty" was obtained only after a parts per thousand yen7 days of feeding on V. litorea. Feeding for shorter time periods resulted in the loss of plastids and abnormal development; this phase was characterized as "transient kleptoplasty". Individuals in the transient state exhibited a significantly greater decrease in length compared to animals with permanent kleptoplasts after the same starvation period. To test the effect of food availability after obtaining permanent kleptoplasty, animals were subjected to various dietary regimes followed by a recovery period of constant feeding. Thirty percent of animals survived prolonged starvation (> 4 weeks) after only the initial week of feeding required to establish permanent kleptoplasty. All treatments showed rapid growth when re-exposed to Vaucheria. Thus, during initial development E. chlorotica experiences enhanced fitness when Vaucheria is available for consumption. However, the animal rapidly establishes permanent kleptoplasty, which bestows flexible food requirements and resistance to food limitation, a likely advantage for E. chlorotica in salt marsh environments where Vaucheria sp. abundance is sporadic.