Viral and Cellular mRNA Translation in Coronavirus-Infected Cells.
Viral and Cellular mRNA Translation in Coronavirus-Infected Cells.
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冠状病毒感染细胞中的病毒和细胞mRNA翻译。
DOI：
10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.08.001
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Makino S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakagawa K;Lokugamage KG;Makino S
冠状病毒具有大的正链RNA基因组，其为5′加帽和3′聚腺苷酸化。基因组的5 '末端三分之二包含两个开放阅读框（ORF），1a和1b，它们共同构成病毒复制酶基因，并编码两个大的多聚蛋白，这些蛋白被病毒蛋白酶加工成15-16个非结构蛋白，其中大部分参与病毒RNA合成。位于基因组3′端1/3的ORF编码结构蛋白和辅助蛋白，并由一组含有5′前导序列的亚基因组mRNA表达，这些mRNA通过称为不连续转录的过程合成。冠状病毒蛋白质合成不仅涉及帽依赖性翻译机制，而且还采用调控机制，如核糖体移码。已知冠状病毒复制影响细胞翻译，涉及应激诱导的信号传导途径的激活，并采用影响细胞mRNA翻译和RNA稳定性的病毒蛋白。本章描述了我们目前对冠状病毒mRNA翻译机制的理解，以及在冠状病毒感染细胞中观察到的宿主mRNA翻译变化。
Coronaviruses have large positive-strand RNA genomes that are 5′ capped and 3′ polyadenylated. The 5′-terminal two-thirds of the genome contain two open reading frames (ORFs), 1a and 1b, that together make up the viral replicase gene and encode two large polyproteins that are processed by viral proteases into 15–16 nonstructural proteins, most of them being involved in viral RNA synthesis. ORFs located in the 3′-terminal one-third of the genome encode structural and accessory proteins and are expressed from a set of 5′ leader-containing subgenomic mRNAs that are synthesized by a process called discontinuous transcription. Coronavirus protein synthesis not only involves cap-dependent translation mechanisms but also employs regulatory mechanisms, such as ribosomal frameshifting. Coronavirus replication is known to affect cellular translation, involving activation of stress-induced signaling pathways, and employing viral proteins that affect cellular mRNA translation and RNA stability. This chapter describes our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in coronavirus mRNA translation and changes in host mRNA translation observed in coronavirus-infected cells.