Fighting With Food: Leadership, Values and Social Control in a Massim Society
Fighting With Food: Leadership, Values and Social Control in a Massim Society
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与食物作斗争：大众社会中的领导力、价值观和社会控制
作者：
M. Young
新几内亚东海岸外古迪纳夫岛的美拉尼西亚人已经将送礼的原则发展到了一个非同寻常的程度。他们不是在争吵中诉诸武力，也不是要求赔偿，而是用猪和山药来羞辱敌人和罪犯。这种强制送礼的习俗存在于各个组织层面，并通过两种主要的制度形式：竞争性食品交换和节日。杨博士深入分析了一个村庄的社会和政治结构，详细讨论了它的社会控制系统和美拉尼西亚民族志中那些令人烦恼的话题--领导力和巫术。特别有趣的是作者对价值观结构的描述，这种价值观使食物给耻辱对古迪纳夫岛民有意义，对他们来说，“幸福是一种腐烂的山药”，最邪恶的是“产生饥饿的巫术”。对案例材料的精心使用生动地洞察了这些骄傲和暴躁的人的生活方式，世界观和人性。
The Melanesians of Goodenough Island, off the eastern coast of New Guinea, have developed the principle of gift-giving to an extraordinary degree. Instead of resorting to arms in their quarrels or demanding compensation for offences, they present enemies and offenders with pigs and yams in order to shame them. This custom of coercive gift-giving operates at various organizational levels and through two main institutional forms: competitive food exchange and festivals. Dr Young analyses in depth the social and political structure of a single village, dealing in detail with its system of social control and those vexed topics of Melanesian ethnography - leadership and sorcery. Of particular interest is the author's description of the configuration of values which makes food-giving-to-shame meaningful to the Goodenough Islander for whom 'happiness is a rotting yam', and the worst evil 'hunger-producing sorcery'. The careful use of case material gives vivid insights into the lifestyle, world view and humanity of these proud and fractious people.