Marxism and the new middle classes
Marxism and the new middle classes
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马克思主义与新中产阶级
DOI：
10.1007/bf01702160
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
G. Ross
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Ross
一部完整的政治社会学史可以用“新中产阶级”这个主题来书写。无论是打着“管理革命”、“白色领”、“新工人阶级”还是“新小资产阶级”的幌子，发达工业社会中间阶层的出现比车轮更经常地被重新发现。此外，意识形态无处不在。在政治社会学中发现的任何种类的承诺，都比在考虑这个问题时更容易出现。这样的例子比比皆是。德国社会民主党的社会学家利用新的中小型企业的出现（以及他们所谓的政治温和）作为他们修正主义的社会学理由。后来，主要是在美国，“管理革命”被许多政治信仰的知识分子用于自己的目的，从自由经济原教旨主义者（熊彼特，詹姆斯伯纳姆）认为新的官僚阶层是对资本主义完整性的决定性威胁，到自由多元主义者（凯森等人）。他们认为这些团体将私营公司带入了一个新的阶段，即对社会负责的灵魂。然后，在20世纪50年代和60年代的美国，在C.Wright米尔斯所谓的“伟大的美国庆典”中，多元主义政治学家将新兴的中产阶级视为两极分化的精英和工人之间的新的温和政治中心，因此，美国资本主义永久稳定的关键。M. Lipset的政治人是这里的一个关键来源）。这种分析在20世纪50年代被“修正主义”的英国知识分子完全输出到英国，以证明他们敦促英国工党进行的战略变革是正确的。
An entire history of political sociology could be written on the theme of the "new middle classes." Whether in the guise of the "managerial revolution," "white collar," the "new working class," or the "new petite bourgeoisie," the emergence of intermediate strata in advanced industrial societies has been rediscovered more often than the wheel. Moreover, nowhere does the ideological. commitment of whatever variety found in political sociology appear more tiansparently than in consideration of this problem. Examples abound. German Social Democratic sociologists used the appearance of the new mittelstanden (with their alleged political moderation) as the sociological justification for their Revisionism. Later, and primarily in America, the "managerial revolution" was used by intellectuals of many political persuasions for their own purposes, from liberal economic fundamentalists (Schumpeter, James Burnham) who saw new bureaucratic strata as decisive threats to the integrity of capitalism, to liberal pluralists (Kaysen et al.) who saw the same groups as bringing the private corporation to a new stage of socially responsible soulfulness. Then, in the America of the 1950s and 60s, in what C.Wright Mills called the "Great American Celebration," pluralist political scientists saw the burgeoning new middle classes as a new, moderate political center between polarized elites and workers and, as such, the key to American capitalism's permanent stability (S. M. Lipset's Political Man is one key source here). This analysis was exported in toto to England in the 1950s by "revisionist" British intellectuals to justify the strategic changes which they were urging upon the British Labor Party.