Die hard: A blend of freezing and fleeing as a dynamic defense - implications for the control of defensive behavior
Die hard: A blend of freezing and fleeing as a dynamic defense - implications for the control of defensive behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.027
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Eilam, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eilam, D
冻结，逃跑或反击是许多分类群的一般防御反应。这些防御是相互排斥的，因为猎物不能同时逃跑和战斗，或者冻结和逃跑。这些防御本身都是基本的，可能无法提供一个完全有效的手段来逃避捕食。只有在猎物被捕食者发现之前，冷冻才是有效的，否则猎物就变成了一个静止的、容易捕捉的目标。在逃跑时，猎物可以直接离开并最大限度地扩大与捕食者的距离，向捕食者移动以将其限制在一个单一的冲突点，或者侧身躲避以逃避攻击。猎物也可以在直线路径上运行，这对缓慢或遥远的捕食者来说是有效的，或者在猛禽接近或快速时是有效的。总而言之，冻结和逃跑共同构成了一种复杂而灵活的防御反应，并且可能由不同的运动系统控制，这些运动系统相互连接以允许这些行为之间的快速切换，这是有效和多功能反应所必需的。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Freezing, fleeing or fighting back are general defensive responses in many taxa. These defenses are mutually exclusive, since a prey cannot simultaneously flee and fight, or freeze and flee. Each of these defenses by itself is rudimentary and probably cannot provide a completely effective means to elude predation. Freezing is efficient only if employed before the prey is spotted by the predator, otherwise the prey becomes a stationary, easy to catch target. In fleeing, the prey can move directly away and maximize its distance from the predator, move toward the predator to confine it to a single clashing point, or dodge sideways to evade the attack. Prey can also run in a straight path that is efficient against slow or distant predators, or in a zigzag path that is efficient when a raptor is close or fast. In all, freezing and fleeing constitute together a complex and flexible defensive response, and are probably controlled by different motor systems that are interconnected to allow fast switching between these behaviors, as required for an effective and versatile response. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.