Redefining Race: The Potential Demise of a Concept in Physical Anthropology [and Comments and Reply]
Redefining Race: The Potential Demise of a Concept in Physical Anthropology [and Comments and Reply]
复制标题
重新定义种族：体质人类学概念的潜在消亡[以及评论和回复]
DOI：
10.1086/202915
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
L. Wolfe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Littlefield;L. Lieberman;L. Reynolds;E. Azevêdo;K. L. Beals;C. L. Brace;S. Garn;P. A. Gloor;A. Jensen;J. Kelso;Teresa Łaska;F. B. Livingstone;A. Montagu;S. P. Rose;W. Trevathan;L. Wolfe
对1932年至1979年在美国出版的体质人类学教科书的分析显示，对种族概念的支持显著下降，尤其是在20世纪70年代。在1970年之前，绝大多数文本都表达了种族存在的观点，种族概念是描述和研究人类变异的有效工具。在20世纪70年代，越来越多的文本拒绝种族概念，到1975-79年，无种族观点成为最常见的观点。尽管关于人类变异的新知识的积累促成了教科书中种族处理方法的巨大转变，但我们认为人类学社会背景的变化也很重要。20世纪60年代的政治环境，加上人类学迅速的制度扩张，以及人类学家及其学生不断变化的社会文化特征，导致了体质人类学教科书中种族概念的衰落。
Analysis of physical anthropology textbooks published in the United States in the years 1932-79 reveals a significant decline in support for the race concept, expecially in the 1970s. Before 1970 the great majority of texts expressed the view that races exist and that the race concept is a valid tool for the description and study of human variation. In the 1970s an increasing proportion of texts rejected the race concept, with the no-race view becoming the most frequent one by 1975-79. Although the accumulation of new knowledge about human variation has contributed to the dramatic shift in textbook treatments of race, we argue that changes in the social context of anthropology have also been important. The political milieu of the 1960s coupled with the rapid institutional expansion of anthropology and the changing sociocultural characteristics of anthropologists and their students have contributed to the decline of the race concept in physical anthropology textbooks.