All that GLITTERs: Low-Power Spoof-Resilient Optical Markers for Augmented Reality
All that GLITTERs: Low-Power Spoof-Resilient Optical Markers for Augmented Reality
复制标题
闪闪发光：用于增强现实的低功耗防欺骗光学标记
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Anthony G. Rowe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sharma;Adwait Dongare;John Miller;Nicholas Wilkerson;Daniel Cohen;Vyas Sekar;P. Dutta;Anthony G. Rowe
增强现实（AR）系统面临的主要挑战之一是将虚拟内容准确地链接到物理对象和位置上。对于需要身份验证的移动的支付、设备控制或安全配对等应用，这个问题会被放大。在本文中，我们提出了一种称为GLITTER的有源LED标签系统，该系统使用蓝牙低功耗（BLE）和调制LED的组合来锚AR内容，而无需先验训练或环境标记。与空间编码数据的传统光学标记不同，每个有源光学标记通过随时间闪烁来编码标签的标识符，与AR标签和QR码相比，提高了标签密度和范围。我们展示了使用低功耗BLE启用的微控制器和单个5 mm LED，我们能够在远至30米的标准移动的电话上同时准确地链接来自潜在的数百个标签的AR内容。在此基础上，使用主动光学标记作为原语，我们展示了如何使用主动光学标记的星座进行全3D姿态估计，这是许多AR应用所需的，使用平面上的单个LED或两个或更多个任意定位的LED。我们的设计在单个视场中支持108个唯一代码，即使手持，检测延迟也小于400 ms。
One of the major challenges faced by Augmented Reality (AR) systems is linking virtual content accurately on physical objects and locations. This problem is amplified for applications like mobile payment, device control or secure pairing that requires authentication. In this paper, we present an active LED tag system called GLITTER that uses a combination of Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) and modulated LEDs to anchor AR content with no a priori training or labeling of an environment. Unlike traditional optical markers that encode data spatially, each active optical marker encodes a tag’s identifier by blinking over time, improving both the tag density and range compared to AR tags and QR codes.We show that with a low-power BLE-enabled micro-controller and a single 5 mm LED, we are able to accurately link AR content from potentially hundreds of tags simultaneously on a standard mobile phone from as far as 30 meters. Expanding upon this, using active optical markers as a primitive, we show how a constellation of active optical markers can be used for full 3D pose estimation, which is required for many AR applications, using either a single LED on a planar surface or two or more arbitrarily positioned LEDs. Our design supports 108 unique codes in a single field of view with a detection latency of less than 400 ms even when held by hand.