Acoustic Physiology in Mosquitoes
Acoustic Physiology in Mosquitoes
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蚊子的声学生理学
DOI：
10.1101/pdb.top107685
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Su M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Su M
蚊子的声学生理学可能是整个昆虫类中最复杂的。过去的研究已经揭示了它的一些有时是惊人的非常规原则，但仍有许多谜团。他们的解决方案需要协调一致的跨学科努力，成功地将蚊子鞭毛耳的神经解剖学和生物物理学特性与整个蚊子种群的行为生态学联系起来。从神经解剖学上讲，蚊子的耳朵在复杂性和大小上都可以与人类的耳朵相媲美。例如，在人类的柯蒂器官中大约有16，000个听觉毛细胞，而在雄性按蚊的约翰斯顿器官中大约有16，000个听觉神经元。人类和蚊子的耳朵都接受非常广泛的传出神经支配，这种支配以一种至今仍知之甚少的方式调节它们的功能。不同群体的神经元和非神经元细胞类型之间的蚊子耳朵分工的劳动。然而，这种劳动究竟是什么，以及它是如何实现的，充其量是模糊的。对于大多数蚊子来说，与生物学相关的声音与它们的飞行音调密不可分。这些飞行音调要么（直接）是感兴趣的声音，要么通过一个称为非线性失真的过程（间接）有助于产生可听声音。最后，男性的耳朵可以自己产生音调：女性飞行音调（或自我持续振荡）的内部“幻影副本”的产生被认为有助于男性的听觉过程。在这里，我们介绍了针对蚊子的听觉神经解剖学，电生理学和行为的协议，以帮助阐明其中的一些问题。
The acoustic physiology of mosquitoes is perhaps the most complex within the entire insect class. Past research has uncovered several of its—sometimes stunningly unconventional—principles, but many mysteries remain. Their solution necessitates a concerted transdisciplinary effort to successfully link the neuroanatomical and biophysical properties of mosquito flagellar ears to the behavioral ecology of entire mosquito populations. Neuroanatomically, mosquito ears can rival those of humans in both complexity and sheer size. The approximately 16,000 auditory hair cells within the human organ of Corti, for example, are matched by the approximately 16,000 auditory neurons in the Johnston's organ of a male Anopheles mosquito. Both human and mosquito ears receive very extensive efferent innervation, which modulates their function in ways that are as yet poorly understood. Different populations of neuronal and nonneuronal cell types divide the labor of the mosquito ear amongst themselves. Yet, what exactly this labor is, and how it is achieved, is at best vaguely known. For the majority of mosquitoes, biologically relevant sounds are inextricably linked to their flight tones. Either these flight tones are (directly) the sounds of interest or they contribute (indirectly) to the production of audible sound through a process called nonlinear distortion. Finally, male ears can generate tones themselves: The generation of an internal “phantom copy” of a female flight tone (or self-sustained oscillation) is believed to aid the male hearing process. Here, we introduce protocols that target the mosquitoes’ auditory neuroanatomy, electrophysiology, and behavior to help shed light on some of these issues.