Cognitive training for psychiatric disorders.
Cognitive training for psychiatric disorders.
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精神疾病的认知训练。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2012.177
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vinogradov,Sophia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Subramaniam,Karuna;Vinogradov,Sophia
一种明确的基于“系统神经可塑性”的认知训练方法是建立在这样一个前提之上的：在成功的技能学习过程中，不成比例的更大、更协调的神经元群代表了训练技能的显著输入和动作输出，从而增加了来自感觉区域的前馈信号强度，以及来自前额叶皮层的更大的任务相关反馈抑制控制，以增强相关刺激的表征。并使联想记忆过程更有效和准确（Vinogradov等，2012）。有效的认知训练必须针对与特定病理生理相关的潜在神经损伤。例如，对于患有ADD的儿童，Klingberg等人2005年发现，计算机化视觉工作记忆（WM）练习推动了非训练的视觉空间和执行任务的改善，表明训练的泛化。该小组还发现WM训练提高了WM能力，这与D1受体密度的神经变化有关，表明训练期间多巴胺能释放增加(Klingberg, 2010；
An explicitly ‘systems neuroplasticity’-based approach to cognitive training is founded on the premise that during successful skill learning, disproportionately larger and better-coordinated neuronal populations represent the salient inputs and action outputs of the trained skill, resulting in an increased feed-forward signal strength from sensory regions as well as greater task-relevant feedback-inhibitory control from the prefrontal cortex to enhance representations of relevant stimuli, and to enable more efficient and accurate associative memory processes (Vinogradov et al, 2012). Effective cognitive training must target the underlying neural impairments associated with a specific pathophysiology. For children with ADD, for example, Klingberg et al 2005 found that computerized visual working memory (WM) exercises drove improvements in non-trained visuospatial and executive tasks, indicating generalization of training. This group also found that WM training improved WM capacity, which was correlated with neural changes in D1 receptor density, indicating increased dopaminergic release during training (Klingberg, 2010;