Lower photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in northern Japanese soybean cultivars than Midwestern U.S. cultivars
Lower photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in northern Japanese soybean cultivars than Midwestern U.S. cultivars
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日本北部大豆品种的光合速率和光合氮利用效率低于美国中西部品种
DOI：
10.1002/csc2.20835
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Hasegawa Toshihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kumagai Etsushi;Hasegawa Toshihiro
在美国等主要大豆产区，近年来农场产量有所增加。这种增益伴随着净光合速率（PN）的遗传改进。然而，日本的农场产量仍然很低，没有变化，这表明在通过最近的育种提高产量和潜在的PN方面缺乏进展。目前还不清楚日本育种家在多大程度上改善了PN，或者日本品种的PN是否劣于美国品种，如果是这样，应该改善哪些生理性状来提高日本品种的PN。为了回答这些问题，我们比较了PN和相关的生理性状的品种在过去60年中发布的东北地区的日本北方（JP组）与美国中西部（美国组）的品种。在美国组，PN增加，在开花和种子灌浆开始（分别为R2和R5）阶段的释放年，并伴随着叶氮含量的增加面积（Narea）。这证明了最近育种的PN改善。而在JP组中，新老品种之间的PN没有差异，表明PN没有通过育种得到改善。JP组中的PNat R5低于美国组，并且与JP组中较低的气孔导度相关。Nareaat R5在JP组中高于美国组，并且与JP组中较低的光合氮利用效率相关。
In major soybean‐producing regions such as the United States, farm yield has increased in recent years. This gain is accompanied by genetic improvements in net photosynthetic rate (PN). However, farm yields in Japan remain low and unchanged, suggesting a lack of progress in improving yield and the underlying PNthrough recent breeding. It is unclear how much Japanese breeders have improved PN, or whether the PNof Japanese cultivars is inferior to cultivars from the United States and, if so, which physiological traits should be improved to increase PNin Japanese cultivars. To answer these questions, we compared PNand related physiological traits of cultivars released during the past 60 yr in the Tohoku region of northern Japan (JP group) with those of cultivars from the Midwestern United States (U.S. group). In the U.S. group, PNincreased with year of release at both flowering and the beginning of seed filling (respectively, R2 and R5) stages, and was accompanied by an increase in leaf N content by area (Narea). This demonstrates improved PNresulting from recent breeding. In contrast, there was no difference in PNbetween old and new cultivars in the JP group, indicating that PNwas not improved by breeding. PNat R5 in the JP group was lower than in the U.S. group and was associated with lower stomatal conductance in the JP group. Nareaat R5 was higher in the JP group than in the U.S. group and was associated with lower photosynthetic N use efficiency in the JP group.