Ecological importance of large-diameter trees in a temperate mixed-conifer forest.
Ecological importance of large-diameter trees in a temperate mixed-conifer forest.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0036131
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Freund JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lutz JA;Larson AJ;Swanson ME;Freund JA
大直径树木主导着许多温带和热带森林的结构、动态和功能。虽然尺度理论和竞争理论都预测了大直径树木相对于小直径树木的相对组成和空间格局，但这些预测很少被测试。我们建立了一个25.6公顷的永久性地块，我们标记和映射所有树木≥1厘米胸径，所有障碍≥10厘米胸径，所有灌木斑块≥2平方米。我们取样倒下的木质残体，凋落物，并与线截取样带duff。23种木本植物的地上生物量为507.9 Mg/ha，其中乔木503.8 Mg/ha（SD = 114.3 Mg/ha），灌木4.1 Mg/ha。 地上部活、死生物量为652.0mg/ha。大径木占总株数的1.4%，但占总生物量的49.4%，其中大径木生物量以冷杉和蓝柏松为主（占总生物量的93.0%）。大直径组分占树干生物量的59.5%，对木质残体生物量的贡献最大（36.6%）。传统的尺度理论不能很好地描述树木半径与树木多度和生物量的关系。三个最丰富的物种的大直径的树木的空间格局不同，从小直径的同种。对于. concolor和P. lambertiana，以及所有树木合并，大直径和小直径树木的空间分离，通过树间距离<10 m。竞争本身不足以解释大直径树木的空间格局和大小直径树木之间的空间关系。长期观测可能揭示森林生物量和空间结构的调节火，风，病原体和昆虫在内华达州山脉混合针叶林。维持生态系统的功能，如碳储存或提供专门物种的栖息地，可能需要不同的管理策略时，功能主要是由几个大的树木，而不是许多较小的树木。
Large-diameter trees dominate the structure, dynamics and function of many temperate and tropical forests. Although both scaling theory and competition theory make predictions about the relative composition and spatial patterns of large-diameter trees compared to smaller diameter trees, these predictions are rarely tested. We established a 25.6 ha permanent plot within which we tagged and mapped all trees ≥1 cm dbh, all snags ≥10 cm dbh, and all shrub patches ≥2 m2. We sampled downed woody debris, litter, and duff with line intercept transects. Aboveground live biomass of the 23 woody species was 507.9 Mg/ha, of which 503.8 Mg/ha was trees (SD = 114.3 Mg/ha) and 4.1 Mg/ha was shrubs. Aboveground live and dead biomass was 652.0 Mg/ha. Large-diameter trees comprised 1.4% of individuals but 49.4% of biomass, with biomass dominated by Abies concolor and Pinus lambertiana (93.0% of tree biomass). The large-diameter component dominated the biomass of snags (59.5%) and contributed significantly to that of woody debris (36.6%). Traditional scaling theory was not a good model for either the relationship between tree radii and tree abundance or tree biomass. Spatial patterning of large-diameter trees of the three most abundant species differed from that of small-diameter conspecifics. For A. concolor and P. lambertiana, as well as all trees pooled, large-diameter and small-diameter trees were spatially segregated through inter-tree distances <10 m. Competition alone was insufficient to explain the spatial patterns of large-diameter trees and spatial relationships between large-diameter and small-diameter trees. Long-term observations may reveal regulation of forest biomass and spatial structure by fire, wind, pathogens, and insects in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. Sustaining ecosystem functions such as carbon storage or provision of specialist species habitat will likely require different management strategies when the functions are performed primarily by a few large trees as opposed to many smaller trees.
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