Unmanned aerial vehicle observations of cold venting from exploratory hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom
Unmanned aerial vehicle observations of cold venting from exploratory hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom
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无人机对英国探索性水力压裂冷排的观测
DOI：
10.1088/2515-7620/ab716d
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Shah A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shah A
无人机 (UAV) 调查可以在排放源（例如天然气开采场）的下风处进行快速响应的近场采样，而无需进入现场。无人机可用于排放源识别以及瞬时通量估算。一架无人机被用来在英国第一个也是唯一一个天然气开采地点的顺风处进行采样，以对页岩地层进行探索性陆上水平水力压裂（水力压裂），位于兰开夏郡的小普兰普顿。在 2018 年 10 月至 2019 年 2 月期间的五个采样日，在水力压裂、回流和流动测试期间，对邻近油田进行了现场校准的无人机甲烷摩尔分数测量。在五个采样日之一（2019 年 1 月 14 日）发现了甲烷排放，这与使用氮气提升机卸载流体后已知的冷通风有关。采用近场高斯羽流反演方法计算了当天的四个瞬时通量（来自四次独立的间歇性无人机飞行测量），不确定性下限和上限分别在 9–80 gs−1、23–106 gs−1、16–82 gs−1 和 34–156 gs−1 之间。在这一天观察到的冷通风排放量至少比无人机甲烷通量计算出的附近奶牛场建筑高出一个数量级（也在此介绍）。识别和量化这些甲烷排放源对于改善国家排放清单和规范这一发展中的英国工业非常重要。
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys allow for rapid-response near-field sampling, downwind of emission sources, such as gas extraction sites, without the need for site access. UAVs can be used in emission source identification alongside instantaneous flux estimation. A UAV was used to sample downwind of the UK's first and only gas extraction site to use exploratory onshore horizontal hydraulic fracturing (fracking) of shale formations, in Little Plumpton, Lancashire. In-situ calibrated UAV methane mole fraction measurements were made from a neighbouring field on five sampling days between October 2018 and February 2019, during fracking, flow-back and flow testing. Methane emissions were identified on one of the five sampling days (14 January 2019), associated with known cold venting, following fluid unloading using a nitrogen lift. A near-field Gaussian plume inversion approach was used to calculate four instantaneous fluxes on this day (from four separate intermittent UAV flight surveys) with lower and upper uncertainty bounds of between 9–80 gs− 1, 23–106 gs− 1, 16–82 gs− 1 and 34–156 gs− 1, respectively. The cold venting emissions observed on this single day were at least an order of magnitude higher than UAV methane fluxes calculated for nearby dairy farm buildings, also presented here. Identifying and quantifying these methane emission sources are important to improve the national emissions inventory and to regulate this developing UK industry.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Shah, Adil;Allen, Grant;Bourn, Mark
通讯作者：
Bourn, Mark
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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