NEW-OBJECT AND NEW-PLACE REACTIONS OF RATTUS-RATTUS L
NEW-OBJECT AND NEW-PLACE REACTIONS OF RATTUS-RATTUS L
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb00265.x
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
BARNETT, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COWAN, PE;BARNETT, SA
野生“黑”鼠或“家鼠”的行为。该研究是在一个人工环境中进行的，即一个+迷宫。迷宫由一个中央巢箱和四个臂组成。食物和水被放置在不同手臂的末端，老鼠的运动被自动记录下来。详细分析了对人工环境的习惯和在人工环境中表现出来的活动模式。大鼠在光周期的黑暗阶段最活跃；他们对手臂的访问次数和在手臂上花费的时间呈双峰模式，在关灯后3小时和灯亮前4小时达到高峰。对新物体和新地方的反应用几种方法来衡量。老鼠通常会避开放置在熟悉区域的新物体，但在探索以前无法进入的区域时却毫不犹豫。老鼠通常会在一到两天内停止躲避喂食区域的新物体，即使在其他地方有其他食物来源。然而，有很多变化。所使用的方法允许研究对新奇事物的两种不同的初始反应，每一种反应都清楚地显示出来：(a)从熟悉的地方的陌生物体中退缩（“恐惧”），(b)接近一个新进入的区域（“好奇”）。行为通常取决于这两个过程之间的相互作用。
The behaviour of the wild “black” or “house” rat,Rattus rattusL., was studied in an artificial environment, a plus-maze. The maze consisted of a central nest box and four arms. Food and water were placed at the ends of different arms, and movements of the rats were recorded automatically. A detailed analysis was made of habituation to the artificial environment and of the patterns of activity displayed there. Rats were most active during the dark phase of ‘he light cycle; they displayed a bimodal pattern of visits to and time spent in the arms, with peaks around three hours after lights off and four hours before lights on. Reaction to new objects and places was measured in several ways. The rats usually avoided new objects placed in a familiar area, but showed little hesitation to explore a previously inaccessible area. Rats generally stopped avoiding new objects in the feeding area within one to two days, even when an alternative source of food was available elsewhere. There was, however, much variation. The methods used allow study of two distinct initial responses to novelty, each clearly displayed: (a) withdrawal from a strange object in a familiar place (“fear”), and (b) approach to a newly accessible area (“curiosity”). Behaviour often depends on the interaction between these two processes.