Enhancing our understanding of the commercial determinants of health: Theories, methods, and insights from political science
Enhancing our understanding of the commercial determinants of health: Theories, methods, and insights from political science
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114931
复制
发表时间：
2022-03-28
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gomez, Eduardo J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gomez, Eduardo J.
公共卫生研究人员关注商业产业对卫生政策的影响，他们致力于发展一个新的调查领域，即社团政治活动（CPA）。虽然CPA文献提高了我们对行业用来影响卫生政策和结果的策略的理解，但具有讽刺意味的是，这些文献似乎没有完全参与那些专注于政策制定过程中行业与政府之间关系的社会科学学科，如政治学。本文的目的是揭示政治科学的理论和方法可以产生新的研究问题，CPA学者，提出替代定性方法的因果推理，重点是历史和时间分析，并建立充分的因果机制。政治学理论和方法的应用可能有助于CPA研究人员努力解释CPA政治策略在国内政府层面的持久性和有效性，这些策略中哪些更重要，同时更深入地解释行业如何以及为什么继续阻碍政策制定。然后，作者提出了另一种政治学分析框架，企业政治活动的政治分析（PACPA），这可能会提供一个更深入的了解商业部门的政策影响的政治。该框架整合了政治学文献，强调政治和制度环境塑造利益集团的活动和政策制定的影响沿着与CPA文献讨论这些问题，通过历史为基础的定性案例研究方法，强调行业的政治活动背后的因果机制。在方法方面，本文依靠通过各种在线搜索引擎对定性文件的分析以及作者对该主题的广泛了解。精选的案例研究被用作支持作者主张的例证。该研究于2020年11月开始，并于2021年6月结束。
Public health researchers concerned with the commercial industry's influence over health policy have contrib-uted to the development of a new field of inquiry, Corporative Political Activity (CPA). While the CPA literature has improved our understanding of the tactics that industries use to influence health policy and outcomes, ironically, this literature appears to have fallen short of thoroughly engaging those social science disciplines focusing on the relationship between industry and government in the policymaking process, such as political science. The purpose of this article is to reveal how political science theory and method can generate new research questions for CPA scholars; propose alternative qualitative methodological approaches to causal inference, with a focus on historical and temporal analysis; and establish adequacy in causal mechanisms. The application of political science theories and methods may assist CPA researchers in their efforts to explain the durability and efficacy of CPA political tactics at the domestic government level, which of these tactics are more important, while providing greater depth into explaining how and why industries continue to obstruct policy -making. The author then propose an alternative political science analytical framework, Political Analysis of Corporate Political Activity (PACPA), that may provide a more thorough understanding of the politics of the commercial sector's policy influence. This framework integrates the political science literature highlighting the political and institutional contexts shaping interest group activities and policymaking influence along with the CPA literature discussing these issues, through a historically-based qualitative case study approach emphasizing the causal mechanisms behind industry's political activities. With respect to methodology, this article relied on an analysis of qualitative documents through a variety of on-line search engines and the author's extensive knowledge of the topic. Select case studies were used as illustrations supporting the author's claims. This research began in November 2020 and concluded in June 2021.