Between pacification and dialogue: Critical lessons from Colombia's territorial peace
Between pacification and dialogue: Critical lessons from Colombia's territorial peace
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绥靖与对话之间：哥伦比亚领土和平的重要教训
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.12.005
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Diaz J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diaz J
哥伦比亚的和平进程将饱受冲突蹂躏的地区列为优先事项，表面上看，这些地区遭受着历史上的国家缺失。我们通过话语分析、档案研究和实地访谈来考察这种“领土”和平的起源和来世。国家发起的议程超出了与哥伦比亚革命武装力量游击队进行谈判的目标，指出了社会对话的变革潜力。谈判各方共同主办了参与性农村发展论坛，吸引了众多集体参加。这些不同的参与者为解决被忽视的索赔和冲突而提出的富有远见的建议，影响了政府和哥伦比亚革命武装力量各自的言论，最终促成了2016年的和平协议。然而，国家和平的优先事项集中在国际合法化和冲突后基础设施发展，以加快以出口为导向的采矿、石油开采和农业企业的外国投资。四面楚歌的哥伦比亚革命武装力量挑战政府的说法，同时努力重建组织合法性，防止分裂。随后令人失望的是令人担忧的领土发展计划，新政府对和平方案的证券化，以及持续的暴力事件破坏了协议后的时期。参与性论坛之前的贡献者加入了有争议的行动，反对疏忽的紧缩、非激进主义的发育不良和有针对性的暗杀。因此，我们认为，哥伦比亚的国际经验可能不在于政府的和平计划--尽管存在国家支持的参与性对话的潜力--而在于具有韧性的(冲突后)社区，他们愿意发挥和平想象力，同时仍然动员起来反对新旧的暴力行为。此外，领土和平传奇说明了关键的和平地理和社会领土分析之间的富有成效的重叠--特别是新自由主义经济政策引发的领土重组、地理边缘国家存在的不同的暴力多重领土以及本文所述反对本体论占领的多元斗争。
Colombia's peace process prioritised conflict-torn geographies ostensibly suffering from historical state absence. We examine the origins and afterlives of this 'territorial' peace using discourse analysis, archival research and field interviews. The state-initiated agenda exceeded the objective of structuring negotiations with FARC guerrillas, pointing to the transformative potential of social dialogue. The negotiating parties co-sponsored participatory rural development forums, which attracted numerous collectives. These diverse actors' visionary proposals to address neglected claims and conflicts influenced the government's and FARC's respective discourses, ultimately informing the 2016 peace agreement. Yet, state priorities for peace centred on international legitimation and post-conflict infrastructure development to accelerate foreign investment in export-oriented mining, oil extraction, and agri-business. The beleaguered FARC challenged government's narratives while struggling to rebuild organisational legitimacy and prevent fragmentation. Subsequent disappointments with fraught territorial development plans, a new government's securitization of peace programmes, and continuing violence mar the post-agreement period. Prior contributors to participatory forums have joined contentious actions against neglectful austerity, extractivist maldevelopment and targeted assassinations. Thus, we argue that Colombia's international lessons may reside less in governmental pacification programmes - the potential of state-sponsored participatory dialogues notwithstanding - than in resilient (post-)conflict communities open to exercising their peace imagination while remaining mobilised against new-and-old violences. Furthermore, the territorial peace saga illustrates productive overlaps between critical peace geographies and socio-territorial analysis - especially the territorial restructuring induced by neoliberal economic policies, the violent multiple territorialities of differentiated state presence in geographical peripheries and pluriversal struggles against ontological occupation addressed herein.