Regulation of glucose uptake in muscle. I. The effects of insulin and anoxia on glucose transport and phosphorylation in the isolated, perfused heart of normal rats.
Regulation of glucose uptake in muscle. I. The effects of insulin and anoxia on glucose transport and phosphorylation in the isolated, perfused heart of normal rats.
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肌肉中葡萄糖摄取的调节。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1961
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Charles R. Park
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. E. Morgan;M. J. Henderson;Regen Dm;Charles R. Park
刺激肌肉细胞摄取葡萄糖被认为是胰岛素最重要和最具特征的作用之一。这种激素效应在早期的工作中显示（1，2）是由于葡萄糖通过细胞膜转运的加速，正如Levine等人首次提出的那样（3，4）。正如Randle和Smith（6）最近证明的那样，缺氧也会刺激葡萄糖摄取，他们将这种效应归因于运输过程的加速。Morgan、Randle和Regen（7）证实了这一结论，并表明缺氧刺激葡萄糖磷酸化。在目前的工作中，我们已经研究了胰岛素和缺氧对葡萄糖摄取的影响，更详细地，并试图，特别是，分析动力学的摄取过程。在这方面，葡萄糖通过膜转运作为摄取的限速步骤的重要性最近才被认识到。此外，运输过程的具体性质以及肌肉中运输和扩散动力学之间的差异以前没有明确描述。我们采用离体灌流的大鼠心脏作为实验材料。该组织摄取葡萄糖的过程由三个连续步骤组成。这些是（a）葡萄糖从毛细血管内扩散到肌细胞表面，（B）葡萄糖通过细胞膜的转运，和（c）糖的细胞内磷酸化。已经研究了这些步骤中的每一个的动力学，并且已经评价了每个步骤限制或控制摄取的程度。胰岛素和缺氧对摄取的影响作为一个整体，并在每个步骤单独进行了测定。本研究涉及正常大鼠的心肌和糖尿病大鼠的肌肉。详细介绍了离体心脏的用途和性质。这方面的一些工作的初步报告已出现较早（8，9）。
The stimulation of glucose uptake by muscle cells is recognized as one of the most important and characteristic actions of insulin. This hormone effect was shown in earlier work (1, 2) to be due to an acceleration of glucose transport through the cell membrane, as first proposed by Levine et al. (3, 4). Glucose uptake is also stimulated by anoxia, as recently demonstrated by Randle and Smith (6) who attributed this effect to acceleration of the transport process. Morgan, Randle, and Regen (7) confirmed this conclusion and showed, in addition, that anoxia stimulated glucose phosphorylation. In the present work, we have studied the effects of insulin and anoxia on glucose uptake in more detail and have attempted, in particular, to analyze the kinetics of the uptake process. In this connection, the importance of glucose transport through the membrane as a rate-limiting step for uptake has been appreciated only recently. Furthermore, the specific nature of the transport process and the differences between transport and diffusion kinetics in muscle have not been clearly described previously. We have employed the isolated, perfused rat heart as the test preparation. The process of glucose uptake by this tissue has been taken to consist of three sequential steps. These are (a) the diffusion of glucose from within the capillary to the muscle cell surface, (b) the transport of glucose through the cell membrane, and (c) the intracellular phosphorylation of the sugar. The kinetics of each of these steps has been investigated, and the extent to which each step limits, or controls, uptake has been evaluated. The effects of insulin and anoxia on uptake as a whole and on each step individually have been determined. The present study deals with heart muscle from normal rats and the following paper with muscle from diabetic rats. The use and properties of the isolated heart preparation are described in detail. Preliminary reports of some of this work have appeared earlier (8, 9).