Astroglial Regulation of Magnocellular Neuroendocrine Cell Activities in the Supraoptic Nucleus.
Astroglial Regulation of Magnocellular Neuroendocrine Cell Activities in the Supraoptic Nucleus.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11064-020-03172-2
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Wang YF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang SC;Parpura V;Wang YF
对下丘脑-神经垂体系统中星形胶质细胞与神经元相互作用的研究，极大地促进了我们对神经活动调控的理解。这已经在视上核（SON）中星形胶质细胞和大细胞神经内分泌细胞（MNC）之间的相互作用中得到了例证，特别是在渗透刺激和哺乳期间。为了响应SON神经化学环境的变化，星形胶质细胞的形态和功能也发生显着变化，从而进一步调节MNC的活性以及加压素和催产素的分泌。在渗透调节中，短期脱水或水过载引起星形胶质细胞突起的短暂收缩或扩张，这分别增加或降低SON神经元的活性。长时间的渗透压刺激导致SON中星形胶质细胞可塑性的适应性变化，这使得视神经感觉神经元在新的水平上保留视神经敏感性。在哺乳期间，神经化学环境的变化导致催产素神经元周围的星形胶质细胞突起收缩，这增加了MNC分泌催产素的能力。在哺乳期间的婴儿/小狗，在母亲/母鼠的星形胶质细胞的过程中表现出交替收缩和催产素神经元周围的扩张，这反映了间歇性同步激活催产素神经元和后兴奋抑制，分别。星形胶质细胞的形态和功能可塑性依赖于一系列细胞事件，涉及胶质细胞酸性蛋白、水通道蛋白4、容积调节阴离子通道、转运蛋白和其他星形胶质细胞功能分子。本文在SON研究的基础上，进一步探讨了星形胶质细胞在急性过程中调节神经内分泌神经元活动的机制。
Studies on the interactions between astrocytes and neurons in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system have significantly facilitated our understanding of the regulation of neural activities. This has been exemplified in the interactions between astrocytes and magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), specifically during osmotic stimulation and lactation. In response to changes in neurochemical environment in the SON, astrocytic morphology and functions also change significantly, which further modulates MNC activity and the secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin. In osmotic regulation, short-term dehydration or water overload causes transient retraction or expansion of astrocytic processes, which increases or decreases the activity of SON neurons, respectively. Prolonged osmotic stimulation causes adaptive change in astrocytic plasticity in the SON, which allows osmosensory neurons to reserve osmosensitivity at new levels. During lactation, changes in neurochemical environment cause retraction of astrocytic processes around oxytocin neurons, which increases MNC’s ability to secrete oxytocin. During suckling by a baby/pup, astrocytic processes in the mother/dams exhibit alternative retraction and expansion around oxytocin neurons, which mirrors intermittently synchronized activation of oxytocin neurons and the post-excitation inhibition, respectively. The morphological and functional plasticities of astrocytes depend on a series of cellular events involving glial fibrillary acidic protein, aquaporin 4, volume regulated anion channels, transporters and other astrocytic functional molecules. This review further explores mechanisms underlying astroglial regulation of the neuroendocrine neuronal activities in acute processes based on the knowledge from studies on the SON.
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